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arXiv 1809.04575cond-mat.mtrl-scicond-mat.mes-hall
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二维金属的铁电开关

Ferroelectric switching of a two-dimensional metal

Zaiyao Fei, Wenjin Zhao, Tauno A. Palomaki, Bosong Sun, Moira K. Miller, Zhiying Zhao, Jiaqiang Yan, Xiaodong Xu, David H. Cobden

摘要:

铁电体是具有极性结构的材料,其极性可以通过施加电场来反转。在金属中,巡回电子往往屏蔽离子之间的静电力,这有助于解释为什么极性金属非常罕见。屏蔽还排除了外部电场,显然排除了极性反转的可能性,从而排除了铁电切换的可能性。然而,原则上,足够薄的极性金属可以被足够的电场穿透以被切换。在这里,我们表明,分层拓扑半金属WTe2提供了第一个实施例的这一原则。虽然单层WTe 2是中心对称的,因此是非极性的,但堆叠的块状结构是极性的。我们发现,两层或三层WTe 2表现出自发的平面外电极化的强度,可以使用栅电极切换。我们使用石墨烯作为电场传感器直接检测和量化极化。此外,极化状态可以通过电导率来区分,并且可以改变载流子密度以修改性质。临界温度高于350 K,并且即使当WTe 2夹在石墨烯中时,它在室温下也保持其开关能力,证明了适合与其他二维材料组合应用的鲁棒性。

英文摘要:

A ferroelectric is a material with a polar structure whose polarity can be reversed by applying an electric field. In metals, the itinerant electrons tend to screen electrostatic forces between ions, helping to explain why polar metals are very rare. Screening also excludes external electric fields, apparently ruling out the possibility of polarity reversal and thus ferroelectric switching. In principle, however, a thin enough polar metal could be penetrated by an electric field sufficiently to be switched. Here we show that the layered topological semimetal WTe2 provides the first embodiment of this principle. Although monolayer WTe2 is centrosymmetric and thus nonpolar, the stacked bulk structure is polar. We find that two- or three-layer WTe2 exhibits a spontaneous out-of-plane electric polarization which can be switched using gate electrodes. We directly detect and quantify the polarization using graphene as an electric field sensor. Moreover, the polarization states can be differentiated by conductivity, and the carrier density can be varied to modify the properties. The critical temperature is above 350 K, and even when WTe2 is sandwiched in graphene it retains its switching capability at room temperature, demonstrating a robustness suitable for applications in combination with other two-dimensional materials.

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