A ferroelectric is a material with a polar structure whose polarity can be reversed by applying an electric field. In metals, the itinerant electrons tend to screen electrostatic forces between ions, helping to explain why polar metals are very rare. Screening also excludes external electric fields, apparently ruling out the possibility of polarity reversal and thus ferroelectric switching. In principle, however, a thin enough polar metal could be penetrated by an electric field sufficiently to be switched. Here we show that the layered topological semimetal WTe2 provides the first embodiment of this principle. Although monolayer WTe2 is centrosymmetric and thus nonpolar, the stacked bulk structure is polar. We find that two- or three-layer WTe2 exhibits a spontaneous out-of-plane electric polarization which can be switched using gate electrodes. We directly detect and quantify the polarization using graphene as an electric field sensor. Moreover, the polarization states can be differentiated by conductivity, and the carrier density can be varied to modify the properties. The critical temperature is above 350 K, and even when WTe2 is sandwiched in graphene it retains its switching capability at room temperature, demonstrating a robustness suitable for applications in combination with other two-dimensional materials.
Multilevel recording in Bi-deficient Pt/BFO/SRO heterostructures based on ferroelectric resistive switching targeting high-density information storage in nonvolatile memories
Ferroelectric switching control of spin current in graphene proximitized by In$_2$Se$_3$
Institute of Informatics, Slovak Academy of Sciences(斯洛伐克科学院信息学研究所);Faculty of Physics, University of Belgrade(贝尔格莱德大学物理学院);Institute of Physics, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice(科希策帕沃尔·约瑟夫·沙法里克大学物理研究所);Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice(卡托维兹西里西亚大学物理研究所);Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences(斯洛伐克科学院实验物理研究所);New Technologies Research Centre, University of West Bohemia(西波希米亚大学新技术研究中心)
Shear-Mode Raman Imaging of Ferroelectric Switching in Multilayer 3$R$-MoS$_2$
National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University(南京大学固体微结构物理实验室和物理系);Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science(物质材料研究机构电子光学材料研究中心);Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science(物质材料研究机构材料纳米构造研究中心);Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University(南京大学先进微结构协同创新中心)
Subcritical switching dynamics and humidity effects in nanoscale studies of domain growth in ferroelectric thin films
利用偏压扫描探针显微镜研究了c轴取向外延Pb(Zr $_{0.2}$ Ti $_{0.8}$)O $_3$薄膜的铁电畴反转。虽然线性和对数依赖的域大小的尖端偏置和写入时间,分别是众所周知的,我们报告了一个额外的线性依赖相对湿度在28-65%的范围内。我们映射出的开关域的大小作为一个函数的尖端偏置和施加的脉冲时间,并描述了一个生长限制制度非常短的脉冲和成核限制制度非常低的尖端偏置。使用“中断开关”的测量,我们探测的成核制度与亚临界脉冲,并确定了一个令人惊讶的长弛豫时间的顺序为100毫秒,我们涉及到离子的重新分配的表面上和薄膜本身内。
Electron-lattice coupling contributions to polarization switching in charge-order-induced ferroelectrics
我们进行第一性原理密度泛函理论计算来阐明基于(SrVO $_3$)$_1$(LaVO $_3$)$_1$超晶格的电荷有序诱导铁电体的极化开关机制。我们发现,晶格弛豫的比荷有序状态可以“锁定”的状态,使非绝热切换到不同的CO变体大力禁止,在某些情况下,甚至使绝热切换的能量障碍大得令人望而却步。我们将电荷有序材料分为两种类型,多面体呼吸和偏心位移,基于晶格模式的类型最强耦合的电荷有序。我们证明了由外电场引起的非绝热电子跳跃仅在偏心位移型电荷有序诱导铁电体中才能发生。这成功地解释了LuFe $_2$ O $_4$和Fe $_3$ O $_4$不同的开关行为。这些结果提供了一个新的理解的极化开关机制的电荷有序诱导铁电材料的设计和发现提供了指导,并提出了一种策略,实现“电子铁电性”与极化开关的电子,而不是晶格的时间尺度。
Ferroelectric switching at edge dislocations in BaTiO$_3$ modelled at the atomic scale
Interdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Materials Simulation (ICAMS), Ruhr-University Bochum(波鸿鲁尔大学先进材料模拟跨学科中心);Center for Interface-Dominated High Performance Materials (ZGH), Ruhr-University Bochum(波鸿鲁尔大学界面主导高性能材料中心);Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Ruhr-University Bochum(波鸿鲁尔大学物理与天文学系);Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207 - UMET - Unité Matériaux et Transformations(里尔大学、法国国家科学研究中心、法国国家农业食品与环境研究院、里尔中央理工学院、UMR 8207 材料与转化单元)
Decoupling effects of the resistive-switching behavior on the polarization reversal in ultrathin ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 films
Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen(哈尔滨工业大学(深圳));Quantum Science Center of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(粤港澳大湾区量子科学中心);Westlake University(西湖大学);Indian Institute of Science(印度科学学院);University of Science and Technology Beijing(北京科技大学)
Space charge dynamics in solid electrolytes with steric effect and Vegard stresses: resistive switching and ferroelectric-like hysteresis of electromechanical response
Four switching categories for thin-film and bulk ferroelectrics
我们将铁电体包括外延/多晶薄膜和单晶/陶瓷块体在不同外加电场下的开关动力学分为四类,这取决于相邻部分之间的开关促进效应引起的去极化场和/或极化反转是否可以忽略。我们表明,我们最近开发的统计模型[Journal of Physics:Condensed Matter 21,012207(2009)]以其广义形式适用于所有这四个类别。最后,将本文模型与传统的Kolmogorov-Avrami-Ishibashi模型进行了比较,并讨论了不同n时开关电流的行为。
Domains and ferroelectric switching pathways in Ca$_3$Ti$_2$O$_7$ from first principles
混合不适当的铁电性,其中可以通过三线性耦合到两个非极性结构的不同对称性的扭曲诱导的电极化,最近已被实验证明为第一次在$n$ =2 Ruddlesden-Popper化合物Ca $_3$ Ti $_2$ O $_7$。在本文中,我们使用群论方法和第一性原理计算,以确定可能的铁电开关路径在Ca $_3$ Ti $_2$ O $_7$。我们确定了低能量的路径,通过切换通过正交双晶域,或通过反极性结构的极化方向反转。我们还引入了一组化学直观的局部序参量,以深入了解这些路径如何与在畴壁处成核的开关相关。我们的研究结果表明,开关可以通过一个以上的机制在这种材料。
Resistive switching in ferroelectric BiFeO3 by 1.7 eV change of the Schottky barrier height
使用金属-铁电结作为可开关二极管是几十年前提出的。Blom等人[P.W. M. Blom等人,物理修订信函73,2107(1994)],其报道了在整流方向上的切换以及在切换铁电层的极化方向时约2个数量级的电流变化。与电容设计相比,这种形式的电阻开关能够以更高的速度读出铁电存储器状态,而不会破坏每个读取周期中的信息。最近,Jiang及其同事已经表明,这些肖特基势垒效应在BiFeO 3中是巨大的,比PZT中发现的开关电荷多一千倍[A.Q.蒋例如,高级材料23,1277(2011)]。在这里,通过进行局部电导率测量,我们归因于肖特基势垒高度之间的生长,向下极化域和向上极化域的一个大的变化。这些测量允许估计极化电荷和屏蔽电荷对通过铁电体的传导的相对影响。