arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
北美退伍军人节(Veterans Day),12 日无更新
arXiv 1809.00124gr-qc
收藏

关于引力星的形成:黑洞的证据是什么?

On gravastar formation: What can be the evidence of a black hole?

Ken-ichi Nakao, Chul-Moon Yoo, Tomohiro Harada

摘要:

任何在黑洞之外的观察者都不能探测到任何由黑洞自身产生的物理信号,因为根据定义,黑洞并不位于外部观察者的因果过去中。事实上,我们认为的黑洞候选者并不是黑洞,而是引力收缩的物体。众所周知,在像我们这样遥远的观察者看来,在无限的未来,一个黑洞将由一个引力坍缩的物体形成。在引力坍缩的最后阶段,引力收缩的物体由于其引力而表现为黑体。由于这种行为,在它周围产生的物理信号(例如准正常环和阴影图像)将与永恒黑洞时空中产生的信号非常相似。然而,这些物理信号并不一定意味着未来会形成黑洞,因为我们不能排除黑洞的形成是由未来一些尚未观测到的意外事件阻止的可能性。作为这样一个例子,我们提出了一个方案,在该方案中,引力收缩的球形薄壳的最终状态是一个引力星,已被提出作为一个最终的配置替代黑洞马祖尔和莫托拉。这种情况意味着,观察引力星形成的时刻所需的时间可能比目前文明的寿命长得多,尽管这种情况似乎只有在主导能量条件被大大违反时才有可能。

英文摘要:

Any observer outside black holes cannot detect any physical signal produced by the black holes themselves, since, by definition, the black holes are not located in the causal past of the outside observer. In fact, what we regard as black hole candidates in our view are not black holes but will be gravitationally contracting objects. As well known, a black hole will form by a gravitationally collapsing object in the infinite future in the views of distant observers like us. At the very late stage of the gravitational collapse, the gravitationally contracting object behaves as a black body due to its gravity. Due to this behavior, the physical signals produced around it (e.g. the quasi-normal ringings and the shadow image) will be very similar to those caused in the eternal black hole spacetime. However those physical signals do not necessarily imply the formation of a black hole in the future, since we cannot rule out the possibility that the formation of the black hole is prevented by some unexpected event in the future yet unobserved. As such an example, we propose a scenario in which the final state of the gravitationally contracting spherical thin shell is a gravastar that has been proposed as a final configuration alternative to a black hole by Mazur and Mottola. This scenario implies that time necessary to observe the moment of the gravastar formation can be much longer than the lifetime of the present civilization, although such a scenario seems to be possible only if the dominant energy condition is largely violated.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑