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arXiv 1808.02493astro-ph.SRastro-ph.EP
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多系统中的长寿原行星盘:HD 98800的VLA视图

Long-lived protoplanetary disks in multiple systems: the VLA view of HD 98800

Álvaro Ribas, Enrique Macías, Catherine C. Espaillat, Gaspard Duchêne

摘要:

多星系中原行星盘的条件和演化可能与单恒星周围的情况有很大不同,这可能对行星形成有重要影响。我们提出了甚大阵列(VLA)的8.8毫米(34 GHz)和5厘米(6 GHz)的四重系统HD 98800,其中包括两个光谱二元系统(Aa-Ab,Ba-Bb)的观测。Ba-Bb双星被一个环双星盘所包围,由于其$\sim$的年龄为1000万年,且缺乏近红外线过剩,通常被认为是一个碎片盘。VLA 8.8 mm观测首次解决了磁盘大小(5-5.5 au)及其内腔($\approx$ 3 au),使其成为已知最小的磁盘之一。HD 98800 B体积小,光度分数高,毫米光谱指数与黑体辐射一致,这支持了HD 98800 B是一个巨大的光学厚环,可能仍然保留着大量的气体。在5 cm处的圆盘检测与来自光电离材料的自由-自由发射兼容。无盘HD 98800 A组件也被检测到,显示部分偏振在5厘米与非热色球活动兼容。我们建议,潮汐扭矩从Ba-Bb和A-B已经停止了内部和外部磁盘半径的粘性演变,和磁盘的演变通过质量损失通过光蒸发风。这种情况可以解释HD 98800 B的性质和寿命,以及HD 98800 A周围缺乏磁盘,这表明在某些系统配置中,多个系统中的行星形成可能比单个恒星有更多的时间进行。

英文摘要:

The conditions and evolution of protoplanetary disks in multiple systems can be considerably different from those around single stars, which may have important consequences for planet formation. We present Very Large Array (VLA) 8.8 mm (34 GHz) and 5 cm (6 GHz) observations of the quadruple system HD 98800, which consists of two spectroscopic binary systems (Aa-Ab, Ba-Bb). The Ba-Bb pair is surrounded by a circumbinary disk, usually assumed to be a debris disk given its $\sim$10 Myr age and lack of near infrared excess. The VLA 8.8 mm observations resolve the disk size (5-5.5 au) and its inner cavity ($\approx$3 au) for the first time, making it one of the smallest disks known. Its small size, large fractional luminosity, and millimeter spectral index consistent with blackbody emission support the idea that HD 98800 B is a massive, optically thick ring which may still retain significant amounts of gas. The disk detection at 5 cm is compatible with free-free emission from photoionized material. The diskless HD 98800 A component is also detected, showing partial polarization at 5 cm compatible with non-thermal chromospheric activity. We propose that tidal torques from Ba-Bb and A-B have stopped the viscous evolution of the inner and outer disk radii, and the disk is evolving via mass loss through photoevaporative winds. This scenario can explain the properties and longevity of HD 98800 B as well as the lack of a disk around HD 98800 A, suggesting that planet formation could have more time to proceed in multiple systems than around single stars in certain system configurations.

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