陨石中已灭绝的短寿命放射性核素揭示的太阳系谱系
Solar system genealogy revealed by extinct short-lived radionuclides in meteorites
摘要：
我们对恒星环境和太阳系的谱系知之甚少。4.56 Gyr前存在于太阳原行星盘中的短寿命放射性核素（SLR，平均寿命短于1亿年）可能会提供对我们历史的关键方面的洞察，如果它们的起源被理解的话。先前的模型无法合理解释两个关键的SLR，26 Al（平均寿命= 1.1百万年）和60 Fe（平均寿命= 3.7百万年）在太阳系诞生时的丰度，因为需要不太可能的天体物理条件。我们的目标是提出一个连贯的和通用的解决方案的基础上，最近的理解恒星形成机制。在新生的太阳系中，铁-60被证明是由属于巨大分子云中第一代恒星的各种超新星产生的。铝-26是由属于第二代恒星的单一大质量恒星风输送到一个密集的收集壳中的。太阳在收集的壳层中形成，作为第三代恒星的一部分。在我们的计算中使用的铝-26产量是基于新的旋转恒星模型，其中26铝是目前在恒星风在恒星主序星，而不是在沃尔夫-拉叶阶段单独。我们的方案最终限制了太阳系形成之前的两代恒星形成的时间顺序，以及这两代恒星中诞生的恒星数量。（续）
英文摘要：
Little is known about the stellar environment and the genealogy of our solar system. Short-lived radionuclides (SLRs, mean lifetime shorter than 100 Myr) that were present in the solar protoplanetary disk 4.56 Gyr ago could potentially provide insight into that key aspect of our history, were their origin understood. Previous models failed to provide a reasonable explanation of the abundance of two key SLRs, 26Al (mean lifetime = 1.1 Myr) and 60Fe (mean lifetime = 3.7 Myr), at the birth of the solar system by requiring unlikely astrophysical conditions. Our aim is to propose a coherent and generic solution based on the most recent understanding of star-forming mechanisms. Iron-60 in the nascent solar system is shown to have been produced by a diversity of supernovae belonging to a first generation of stars in a giant molecular cloud. Aluminum-26 is delivered into a dense collected shell by a single massive star wind belonging to a second star generation. The Sun formed in the collected shell as part of a third stellar generation. Aluminum-26 yields used in our calculation are based on new rotating stellar models in which 26Al is present in stellar winds during the star main sequence rather than during the Wolf-Rayet phase alone. Our scenario eventually constrains the time sequence of the formation of the two stellar generations that just preceded the solar system formation, along with the number of stars born in these two generations. (Continued).
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