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arXiv 1409.7110astro-ph.GAastro-ph.EPastro-ph.SR
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南冕原行星盘射电辐射(缺乏)对光蒸发模型的限制

Constraints on photoevaporation models from (lack of) radio emission in the Corona Australis protoplanetary disks

Roberto Galván-Madrid, Hauyu Baobab Liu, Carlo Felice Manara, Jan Forbrich, Ilaria Pascucci, Carlos Carrasco-González, Ciriaco Goddi, Yasuhiro Hasegawa, Michihi… 展开作者

Roberto Galván-Madrid, Hauyu Baobab Liu, Carlo Felice Manara, Jan Forbrich, Ilaria Pascucci, Carlos Carrasco-González, Ciriaco Goddi, Yasuhiro Hasegawa, Michihiro Takami, Leonardo Testi, .

摘要:

高能恒星光子引起的光蒸发被认为是原行星盘扩散的主要驱动力之一。完全或部分电离的磁盘表面预计将产生厘米(cm)波长的自由-自由连续辐射,可以用升级的超大阵列(VLA)等干涉仪进行常规检测。我们使用深(均方根噪声下降到8 $μ$ Jy光束$^{-1}$在视场中心)3.5厘米附近(130 pc)南冕(CrA)恒星形成(SF)区域的地图,以约束磁盘光蒸发模型。我们发现,来自CrA盘源的无线电发射是令人惊讶的微弱。视场内10个源中只有3个被探测到,其通量密度为$10^2$ $μ$ Jy。然而,它们的排放中有很大一部分是非热的。未检测到的典型上限是$3σ\sim 60~μ$ γ光束$^{-1}$。假设解析表达式的自由-自由发射从极端紫外(EUV)照射,我们得到严格的上限的电离光子亮度撞击在磁盘表面$Φ_\mathrm{EUV}<1-4\times10^{41}$ s $^{-1}$。这些限制约束$Φ_\mathrm{EUV}$的低端所需的价值观EUV驱动的光蒸发模型,以清除原行星盘在观察到的几个百万年的时间尺度。因此,至少在CrA中,EUV驱动的光蒸发不太可能是磁盘分散的主要代理人。我们还比较了所观察到的X射线光度$L_X$的磁盘源与模型中,光蒸发是由这样的光子。虽然预测是不太具体的EUV的情况下,大多数观察到的通量(上限)大致与(缩放)预测一致。更深入的观察,以及预测跨越更广泛的参数空间,需要正确测试X射线驱动的光蒸发。

英文摘要:

Photoevaporation due to high-energy stellar photons is thought to be one of the main drivers of protoplanetary disk dispersal. The fully or partially ionized disk surface is expected to produce free-free continuum emission at centimeter (cm) wavelengths that can be routinely detected with interferometers such as the upgraded Very Large Array (VLA). We use deep (rms noise down to 8 $μ$Jy beam$^{-1}$ in the field of view center) 3.5 cm maps of the nearby (130 pc) Corona Australis (CrA) star formation (SF) region to constrain disk photoevaporation models. We find that the radio emission from disk sources in CrA is surprisingly faint. Only 3 out of 10 sources within the field of view are detected, with flux densities of order $10^2$ $μ$Jy. However, a significant fraction of their emission is non-thermal. Typical upper limits for non-detections are $3σ\sim 60~μ$Jy beam$^{-1}$. Assuming analytic expressions for the free-free emission from extreme-UV (EUV) irradiation, we derive stringent upper limits to the ionizing photon luminosity impinging on the disk surface $Φ_\mathrm{EUV}<1-4\times10^{41}$ s$^{-1}$. These limits constrain $Φ_\mathrm{EUV}$ to the low end of the values needed by EUV-driven photoevaporation models to clear protoplanetary disks in the observed few Myr timescale. Therefore, at least in CrA, EUV-driven photoevaporation is not likely to be the main agent of disk dispersal. We also compare the observed X-ray luminosities $L_X$ of disk sources with models in which photoevaporation is driven by such photons. Although predictions are less specific than for the EUV case, most of the observed fluxes (upper limits) are roughly consistent with the (scaled) predictions. Deeper observations, as well as predictions spanning a wider parameter space, are needed to properly test X-ray driven photoevaporation.

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