arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1807.06597astro-ph.SRastro-ph.GA
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第一核心性质:从低质量到高质量恒星的形成

First Core Properties: From Low- to High-mass Star Formation

Asmita Bhandare, Rolf Kuiper, Thomas Henning, Christian Fendt, Gabriel-Dominique Marleau, Anders Kölligan

摘要:

在这项研究中,主要的目标是通过第一和第二流体静力学核心形成的阶段来了解分子云核心的崩溃。我们研究了分子云核演化直至拉尔森核形成期间拉尔森第一核和第二核的性质。我们扩大这些崩溃的研究,首次跨越范围广泛的初始云质量从0.5到100 Msun。要了解恒星形成的早期阶段所涉及的众多物理过程的复杂性,需要在辐射传输和相变方面进行详细的物理建模。为此,我们使用一个现实的气体状态方程通过密度和温度依赖的绝热指数和平均分子量来模拟的相变。我们使用一个灰色处理的辐射转移耦合流体力学模拟拉森的坍缩在球对称。我们揭示了各种第一核心的初始云质量的属性的依赖。第一核心半径和质量从低质量到中等质量区域增加,从中等质量到高质量区域减小。第一个核心的寿命强烈减少对中间和高质量的制度。我们的研究表明,在中间质量制度的过渡区的存在。低质量原恒星倾向于通过两个不同的形成阶段演化,这两个阶段与第一和第二流体静力学核心有关。相比之下,在高质量恒星形成区域,坍缩的云核在第一个坍缩阶段迅速演化,并基本上立即形成拉森的第二个核心。

英文摘要:

In this study, the main goal is to understand the molecular cloud core collapse through the stages of first and second hydrostatic core formation. We investigate the properties of Larson's first and second cores following the evolution of the molecular cloud core until formation of Larson's cores. We expand these collapse studies for the first time to span a wide range of initial cloud masses from 0.5 to 100 Msun. Understanding the complexity of the numerous physical processes involved in the very early stages of star formation requires detailed thermodynamical modeling in terms of radiation transport and phase transitions. For this we use a realistic gas equation of state via a density and temperature-dependent adiabatic index and mean molecular weight to model the phase transitions. We use a gray treatment of radiative transfer coupled with hydrodynamics to simulate Larson's collapse in spherical symmetry. We reveal a dependence of a variety of first core properties on the initial cloud mass. The first core radius and mass increase from the low-mass to the intermediate-mass regime and decrease from the intermediate-mass to the high-mass regime. The lifetime of first cores strongly decreases towards the intermediate- and high-mass regime. Our studies show the presence of a transition region in the intermediate-mass regime. Low-mass protostars tend to evolve through two distinct stages of formation which are related to the first and second hydrostatic cores. In contrast, in the high-mass star formation regime, the collapsing cloud cores rapidly evolve through the first collapse phase and essentially immediately form Larson's second cores.

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