X射线混合CMOS探测器的研究进展
X-ray Hybrid CMOS Detectors: Recent Development and Characterization Progress
摘要：
X射线混合CMOS探测器（HCDs）具有读出速率高、读出灵活、抗辐射能力强、功耗低等优点，更适合于下一代大面积X射线望远镜任务。宾夕法尼亚州立大学高能天文学实验室一直在与Teledyne成像传感器（TIS）合作开发和表征HCD。我们对带有Cryo-SIDECAR读出和控制器的H2 RG探测器进行了表征，发现在5.9 keV下能量分辨率提高了约2.7%，读取噪声约为6.5 e-。该探测器于2018年4月4日在NASA的首次水回收探空火箭飞行中成功飞行。我们还开发了几种新的HCD，它们可能应用于未来的X射线天文任务。我们正在表征小像素HCDs（12.5 μm间距）的性能，这对于开发下一代高分辨率HCDs成像仪非常重要。我们还表征了64 x 64像素原型Speedster-EXD检测器，其在每个像素中使用比较器来仅读出具有可检测信号的那些像素，从而提供有效读出速率的数量级改进。HCD还可以作为大视场仪器，用于研究伽玛暴的瞬发和余辉辐射，探测黑洞瞬变。在这种情况下，我们正在表征龙虾HCD系统为未来的立方体卫星实验。本文简要介绍这些新进展和实验结果。
英文摘要：
X-ray Hybrid CMOS Detectors (HCDs) have advantages over X-ray CCDs due to their higher readout rate abilities, flexible readout, inherent radiation hardness, and low power, which make them more suitable for the next generation large area X-ray telescope missions. The Penn State high energy astronomy laboratory has been working on the development and characterization of HCDs in collaboration with Teledyne Imaging Sensors (TIS). We characterized an H2RG detector with a Cryo-SIDECAR readout and controller, and we find an improved energy resolution of ~2.7 % at 5.9 keV and read noise of ~6.5 e-. This detector was successfully flown on NASA's first water recovery sounding rocket flight on April 4th, 2018. We have also been developing several new HCDs with potential applications for future X-ray astronomy missions. We are characterizing the performance of small-pixel HCDs (12.5 μm pitch), which are important for the development of a next-generation high-resolution imager with HCDs. We also characterized a 64 x 64 pixel prototype Speedster-EXD detector that uses comparators in each pixel to read out only those pixels having detectable signal, thereby providing an order of magnitude improvement in the effective readout rate. HCDs can also be utilized as a large FOV instrument to study the prompt and afterglow emissions of GRBs and detect black hole transients. In this context, we are characterizing a Lobster-HCD system for future CubeSat experiments. This paper briefly presents these new developments and experimental results.
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