We present Keck-MOSFIRE H and K spectra for a sample of 24 candidate quiescent galaxies (QGs) at 3<z<4, identified from UVJ colors and photometric redshifts in the ZFOURGE and 3DHST surveys. We obtain spectroscopic redshifts for half of the sample, using absorption or emission lines, and confirm the high accuracy of the photometric redshifts with a median error of 1.2%. Two galaxies turn out to be dusty objects at lower redshifts (z<2.5), and are the only two detected in the sub-mm with ALMA. High equivalent-width [OIII] was observed in two galaxies, contributing up to 30% of the K-band flux and mimicking the colors of an old stellar population. This implies a failure rate of only 20% for the UVJ selection at these redshifts. Balmer absorption was identified in 4 of the brighest galaxies, confirming the absence of OB stars. Modeling all QGs with a wide range of star-formation histories, we find sSFR a factor of 10 below the main sequence (MS) for all but one galaxy, and less than 0.01 Gyr$^{-1}$ for half of the sample. This is consistent with the H$β$ and [OII] luminosities, and the ALMA non-detections. We then find that these QGs have quenched on average 300 Myr before observation, between z=3.5 and 5, and that they formed at z~5.5 with a mean SFR~300 Msun/yr. Considering an alternative selection of QGs based solely on the sSFR from SED modeling, we find that galaxies a factor 10 below the MS are 40% more numerous than UVJ-quiescent galaxies, implying that the UVJ selection is pure but incomplete. Current models fail at reproducing our observations and underestimate either the number density of QGs by more than an order of magnitude or the duration of their quiescence by a factor two. Overall, these results confirm the existence of an unexpected population of QGs at z>3, and offer the first insights on their formation history. [abridged]
Winding Back the Clock: Recent Star Formation Histories of Massive Quiescent Galaxies Are Consistent With Their Rapid Number Density Evolution Since $\mathbf{z\sim7}$
University of Pittsburgh(匹兹堡大学);Steward Observatory, University of Arizona(亚利桑那大学斯图尔德天文台);NSF National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory(美国国家光学红外天文研究实验室);Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen(哥本哈根大学尼尔斯·玻尔研究所);University of Massachusetts, Amherst(马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校);Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian(哈佛-史密森天体物理中心);Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie(马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所)
Half-mass radii of quiescent and star-forming galaxies evolve slowly from 0 < z < 2.5: implications for galaxy assembly histories
我们使用高分辨率,多波段成像的~16,500星系在CANDELS领域在0 < z < 2.5研究颜色梯度和半质量半径随宇宙时间的演变。我们发现,在固定质量的星系颜色梯度迅速演变之间的z~2.5和z~1,但保持大致恒定低于z~1。这一结果意味着恒星形成和静止星系的大小增加比以前使用半光半径的研究慢得多。静止星系的半质量半径演化与一个模型完全一致,该模型使用观测到的未成年人合并率来预测由于小星系的吸积而导致的尺寸增加。祖先的偏见可能仍然有助于静止星系的增长,特别是如果我们假设一个较小的合并增长模型的时间尺度较慢。恒星形成星系的半质量半径演化较慢,这与宇宙学模拟和半解析星系模型存在矛盾。需要进一步详细、一致地与模拟进行比较,以将这些结果置于背景中。
DeepDive: Tracing the early quenching pathways of massive quiescent galaxies at $z>3$ from their star-formation histories and chemical abundances
University of Massachusetts, Amherst(马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校);Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN)(宇宙黎明中心);DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark(丹麦技术大学空间科学与技术中心);David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto(多伦多大学戴维·A·邓普尔天文与天体物理系);Dunlap Institute for Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto(多伦多大学邓普尔天文与天体物理研究所);Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science(卡内基科学机构天文台)
CLEAR II: Evidence for Early Formation of the Most Compact Quiescent Galaxies at High Redshift
星系中质量、形态、淬灭分数和形成历史之间的相关性的起源很难定义,主要是由于星系恒星形成历史的不确定性。恒星形成的历史,更好地约束高红移星系,观察更接近他们的形成和淬火时代。在这里,我们使用“非参数”的恒星形成的历史和嵌套的采样方法,以获得在$0.7<z<2.5$静止星系的形成和淬火时间尺度的约束。我们从CLEAR(CANDELS Lyman PDMATHAMN再电离发射)调查中模拟了深HST棱镜光谱和光度学。星系形成的红移,$z_{50}$(定义为它们形成50%恒星质量的点)的范围从$z_{50}\sim 2$(在观察到的时期之前不久)到$z_{50} \simeq 5-8$。\editone{We find that early formation redshifts are correlated with high stellar-mass surface densities, $\log Σ_1 / (M_\odot\ \mathrm{kpc}^{-2}) >$10.25, where $Σ_1$ is the stellar mass within 1~pkpc (proper kpc). Quiescent galaxies with the highest stellar-mass surface density, $\logΣ_1 / (M_\odot\ \mathr…
Impact of stochastic star-formation histories and dust on selecting quiescent galaxies with JWST photometry
SISSA(国际高等研究学院);Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia(不列颠哥伦比亚大学物理与天文学系);Department of Astronomy and Physics, Saint Mary’s University(圣玛丽大学天文与物理系);Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie(马克斯·普朗克射电天文研究所);INAF, OAPD(意大利国家天体物理研究所帕多瓦天文台);Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna(博洛尼亚大学物理与天文学系);Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias(加那利天体物理研究所);Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna(拉帕尔马大学天体物理学系);Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge(剑桥卡弗里宇宙学研究所);Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge(剑桥大学天体物理研究所);Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Astronomisches Rechen-Institut(海德堡大学天文学中心天文计算研究所);Astronomical Observatory Institute, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University(亚当·密茨凯维奇大学物理学院天文观测研究所);Institute of Astronomy, Fac(天体物理研究所)
The First Systematic Survey of Stellar Halos in High-Inclination Galaxies Reveals Unusually Quiescent Merger Histories of Nearby Galaxies
University of Science and Technology of China(中国科学技术大学);Shanghai Jiao Tong University(上海交通大学);University of Oxford(牛津大学);Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias(加那利天体物理研究所);Universidad de La Laguna(拉各拉纳大学)
The LEGA-C of nature and nurture in stellar populations of galaxies at z~0.6-1.0: D4000 and H-delta reveal different assembly histories for quiescent galaxies in different environments
星系演化是由各种物理过程驱动的,这些物理过程预计在宇宙时间的不同暗物质晕和环境下以不同的速率进行。这种演化的记录保存在星系恒星星族中,我们可以使用吸收线光谱学来访问。本文利用大型LEGA-C巡天(DR 3)研究了COSMOS场中z~0.6-1.0的环境和恒星质量对恒星星族的影响。利用LEGA-C的统计能力和深度,我们揭示了在z~0.6-1.0的大质量星系群(M>10^10 M $_{\odot}$)的恒星质量与环境2D空间上D4000和H-δ等效宽度(EW)分布的显著梯度。D4000和H-delta EW主要取决于恒星质量,但在固定恒星质量时也取决于环境。通过将样本分为中心和卫星,并在恒星形成星系和静止星系方面,我们揭示了D4000和H-三角洲EW控制恒星质量时的显着环境趋势是由静止星系驱动的。无论是中心星系还是卫星星系,恒星形成星系都显示出D4000和H-δ EW,这些EW强烈依赖于它们的恒星质量,并且在0.6<z<1.0时完全独立于环境。卫星星系所看到的环境趋势完全是由仅适用于静止星系的趋势驱动的,再加上固定恒星质量下静止部分的强烈环境依赖性。我们的研究结果与最近的模拟预测一致,模拟预测指出大质量星系首先在超密度或最紧凑的暗物质晕中形成。
The Assembly Histories of Quiescent Galaxies Since z=0.7 from Absorption Line Spectroscopy
我们提出了从斯隆数字巡天(SDSS)和AGN和星系演化巡天(AGES)的0.1 < z < 0.7之间的静止星系的大样本的光学光谱建模的结果。我们研究了星系的恒星年龄和丰度模式是如何随时间演化的,作为恒星质量的函数,从10^{9.6}-10 ^<$11.8} Msun。星系光谱被堆叠在质量和红移的箱中,并在4000 A到5500 A的波长范围内建模。全光谱恒星星族合成模型提供了元素Fe、Mg、C、N和Ca的年龄和丰度的估计。我们发现,在固定恒星质量在大约7 Gyr的宇宙时间的元素丰度可以忽略不计的演变。此外,大质量星系的恒星年龄随时间的增加与z = 0.7以来的被动演化一致。总而言之,这些结果支持这样一种情况:大质量静止星系的内部~ 0.3-3 R_e在宇宙时间的后半部分一直被动地演化。有趣的是,在所有的历元中,恒星年龄都比宇宙年龄年轻得多,与z 1的等效单次爆发恒星形成历元< 1.5. These young stellar population ages coupled with the existence of massive quiescent galaxies at z >一致,表明z < 0.7的静止星群的不均匀性。这些数据还允许在z < 0.7时,质量低于~10^{10.5} Msun的新淬灭星系的加入。此外,我们分析了非常深的凯克DEIMOS光谱的两个最…
The LEGA-C galaxy survey: multiple quenching channels for quiescent galaxies at $z\sim1$
Université de Liège(列日大学);Universiteit Gent(根特大学);University of Pittsburgh(匹兹堡大学);Max-Planck Institut für Astronomie(马克斯·普朗克天体物理研究所);National Taiwan University(台湾大学);National Center for Theoretical Sciences(国家理论科学中心);University of Michigan(密歇根大学);University of Cambridge(剑桥大学)
University of Massachusetts, Amherst(马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校);David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto(多伦多大学戴维·A·邓普天文学与天体物理学系);Dunlap Institute for Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto(多伦多大学邓普天文学与天体物理研究所);Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science(卡内基科学促进会天文台);Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University(普林斯顿大学天体物理科学系);Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN)(宇宙黎明中心)
Elemental Abundances and Ages of $z\sim0.7$ Quiescent Galaxies on the Mass-Size Plane: Implication for Chemical Enrichment and Star-Formation Quenching
Where Giants Dwell: Probing the Environments of Early Massive Quiescent Galaxies
INAF - Astronomical Observatory of Trieste(意大利国家天体物理研究所的里雅斯特天文台);IFPU - Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe(宇宙基础物理研究所);Tianjin Normal University(天津师范大学);Institute for Physics, Laboratory for Galaxy Evolution, EPFL(洛桑联邦理工学院星系演化实验室)
Deep Submillimeter and Radio Observations in the SSA22 Field. IV. Spectral Energy Distributions, Star Formation Histories, and the Infrared-Radio Correlation of the 850 $μ$m-selected SMGs
Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院紫金山天文台);School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China(中国科学技术大学天文与空间科学学院);Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University(早稻田大学理工学研究学院理工学研究院);Department of Pure and Applied Physics, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University(早稻田大学理工学研究学院先进理工学部纯应用物理系);Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University(名古屋大学理学研究科物理学系);Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University(名古屋大学高等研究院)
Resolving Quiescent Galaxies at $z \gtrsim 2$: I. Search for Gravitationally Lensed Sources and Characterization of their Structure, Stellar Populations, and Line Emission
RUBIES spectroscopically confirms the high number density of quiescent galaxies from $\mathbf{2<z<5}$
University of Pittsburgh(匹兹堡大学);Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie(马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所);Princeton University(普林斯顿大学);Space Telescope Science Institute(太空望远镜科学研究所);International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR)(国际射电天文研究中心);University of Western Australia(西澳大利亚大学);University of Massachusetts, Amherst(马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校);University of Wisconsin-Madison(威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校);The Pennsylvania State University(宾夕法尼亚州立大学)