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arXiv 1806.09488cond-mat.mes-hall
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二维椭圆能带结构半导体中D 'yakonov-Perel'机制引起的自旋弛豫

Spin relaxation due to the D'yakonov-Perel' mechanism in 2D semiconductors with an elliptic band structure

Seyed M. Farzaneh, Shaloo Rakheja

摘要:

D 'yakonov-Perel'(DP)机制描述了存在Rashba自旋轨道耦合的二维系统中的非平衡自旋分布动力学。本文利用DP机制研究了具有椭圆能带结构的二维半导体自旋弛豫的各向异性。在有效质量近似下,利用自由载流子的面内各向异性有效质量描述了低能能带结构。利用极化自旋系综的密度矩阵的时间演化方程,在强动量散射区,从理论上计算了自由载流子的自旋弛豫时间。由于库仑相互作用和样品中的中性缺陷的散射势的结果。我们表明,在二维平面内的y-和x-方向上的自旋弛豫时间的比率显示幂律依赖于有效质量比,而指数捕获的散射势的细节。该模型被应用于研究单层黑磷中的电子自旋弛豫,这是已知的表现出显着的能带结构椭圆。该模型还可以预测自旋弛豫各向异性的机械应变的2D材料中,椭圆形能带结构出现的晶格常数的修改的结果。

英文摘要:

D'yakonov-Perel' (DP) mechanism describes the dynamics of non-equilibrium spin distribution in a two-dimensional (2D) system in the presence of Rashba spin-orbit coupling. In this paper, we study the anisotropy of spin relaxation via the DP mechanism for a 2D semiconductor with an elliptic band structure. Within the effective-mass approximation, the low-energy band structure is described using anisotropic in-plane effective mass of free carriers. Spin relaxation time of free carriers is calculated theoretically using the time evolution equation of the density matrix of a polarized spin ensemble in the strong momentum scattering regime. Results are obtained for scattering potential due to both Coulomb interaction and neutral defects in the sample. We show that the ratio of spin relaxation time in the y- and x-direction within the 2D plane displays a power-law dependence on the effective mass ratio, while the exponent captures the details of the scattering potential. The model is applied to study electron spin relaxation in monolayer black phosphorus, which is known to exhibit significant band structure ellipticity. The model can also predict spin relaxation anisotropy in mechanically strained 2D materials in which elliptic band structure emerges as a consequence of the modification of the lattice constants.

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