磷烯的自旋轨道耦合和自旋弛豫：本征效应与非本征效应
Spin-orbit coupling and spin relaxation in phosphorene: Intrinsic versus extrinsic effects
摘要：
用第一性原理计算研究了磷烯的自旋轨道和自旋弛豫性质。内在的自旋-轨道耦合诱导自旋混合的概率为$b^2 \approx 10^{-4}$，表现出大的各向异性，遵循磷烯的各向异性晶体结构。对于动量弛豫时间的实际值，固有（Elliott-Yafet）自旋弛豫时间为数百皮秒至纳秒。施加横向电场（模拟门控和衬底）在磷烯中产生非本征$C_{2v}$对称自旋轨道场，其激活D 'yakonov-Perel'自旋弛豫机制。结果表明，这种非本征自旋弛豫也有很强的各向异性，并可以支配的Elliott-Yafet一个足够强的电场。因此，磷基片上可以表现出一个有趣的相互作用的两个自旋弛豫机制，其各自的作用可以使用我们的结果破译。
英文摘要：
First-principles calculations of the essential spin-orbit and spin relaxation properties of phosphorene are performed. Intrinsic spin-orbit coupling induces spin mixing with the probability of $b^2 \approx 10^{-4}$, exhibiting a large anisotropy, following the anisotropic crystalline structure of phosphorene. For realistic values of the momentum relaxation times, the intrinsic (Elliott--Yafet) spin relaxation times are hundreds of picoseconds to nanoseconds. Applying a transverse electric field (simulating gating and substrates) generates extrinsic $C_{2v}$ symmetric spin-orbit fields in phosphorene, which activate the D'yakonov--Perel' mechanism for spin relaxation. It is shown that this extrinsic spin relaxation also has a strong anisotropy, and can dominate over the Elliott-Yafet one for strong enough electric fields. Phosphorene on substrates can thus exhibit an interesting interplay of both spin relaxation mechanisms, whose individual roles could be deciphered using our results.
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