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arXiv 1806.09415gr-qc
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利用黑洞阴影识别旋转黑洞周围物质的可能性

Possibility of Identifying Matter around Rotating Black Hole with Black Hole Shadow

Zhaoyi Xu, Xian Hou, Jiancheng Wang

摘要:

用解析方法研究了旋转黑洞在理想流体物质中的投影。我们考虑了宇宙学中具有标准状态方程的三种物质:$-1/3$(暗物质)、0(尘埃)和$1/3$(辐射)。阴影的外观形状取决于黑洞的自旋$a$和理想流体物质强度$k$。我们发现,阴影是一个完美的圆形在非旋转的情况下($a=0$)和扭曲的旋转的情况下($a\neq0$),类似于其他黑洞的发现。有趣的是,不同种类的物质对黑洞阴影的影响不同。暗物质的影响最强,其次是尘埃,辐射最弱。通过将我们的结果应用于银河系中心的黑洞Sgr A $^{*}$,我们发现区分黑洞周围不同种类物质所需的角分辨率并不比当前天文仪器在不久的将来能够实现的分辨率高得多。我们建议,观察黑洞阴影提供了一种可能性,以确定附近的黑洞的主导物质。

英文摘要:

Shadows cast by the rotating black hole in perfect fluid matter are studied using analytical method. We consider three kinds of matter with standard equation of state in Cosmology: $-1/3$ (dark matter), 0 (dust) and $1/3$ (radiation). The apparent shape of the shadow depends on the black hole spin $a$ and the perfect fluid matter intensity $k$. We find that the shadow is a perfect circle in the non-rotating case ($a=0$) and a distorted one in the rotating case ($a\neq0$), similar to what is found for other black holes. Interestingly, different kinds of matter have different influence on the black hole shadow. Dark matter has the strongest effect, dust is the next and radiation is the weakest. By applying our result to the black hole Sgr A$^{*}$ at the center of the Milky Way, we find that the angular resolution required to distinguish among different kinds of matter around the black hole is not much higher than the resolution of current astronomical instruments would be able to achieve in the near future. We propose that observing the black hole shadow provides a possibility of identifying the dominant matter near the black hole.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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