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arXiv 1806.08779quant-phcond-mat.mes-hallcond-mat.othercond-mat.stat-mech
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耗散系统中的量子电流

Quantum current in dissipative systems

Karen V. Hovhannisyan, Alberto Imparato

摘要:

由于量子相干性和环境噪声的微妙相互作用,描述开放量子系统中的电流可能是有问题的。探测噪声感应电流可能对隧穿感应电流有害,反之亦然。我们推导出一个克服这一困难的量子系统中的概率流与环境任意相互作用的一般理论。我们表明,电流可以通过执行一系列的弱和标准的量子测量实验测量。我们通过分析一个简单的Smoluchowski-Feynman型棘轮来验证我们的理论,棘轮由两个粒子组成,在量子机制中运行。充分结合热效应和量子效应,在模型中产生的电流可以用来检测量子上下文形式的“真正量子性”的开始。该模型也可以用来产生任意热环境下的稳态纠缠。

英文摘要:

Describing current in open quantum systems can be problematic due to the subtle interplay of quantum coherence and environmental noise. Probing the noise-induced current can be detrimental to the tunneling-induced current and vice versa. We derive a general theory for the probability current in quantum systems arbitrarily interacting with their environment that overcomes this difficulty. We show that the current can be experimentally measured by performing a sequence of weak and standard quantum measurements. We exemplify our theory by analyzing a simple Smoluchowski-Feynman-type ratchet consisting of two particles, operating deep in the quantum regime. Fully incorporating both thermal and quantum effects, the current generated in the model can be used to detect the onset of "genuine quantumness" in the form of quantum contextuality. The model can also be used to generate steady-state entanglement in the presence of arbitrarily hot environment.

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