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arXiv 1806.01474astro-ph.GAastro-ph.HE
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热星际介质软X射线谱线发射的共振散射效应:I.银河球

Resonant scattering effect on the soft X-ray line emission from the hot interstellar medium: I. galactic bulges

Yang Chen, Q. Daniel Wang, Gao-Yuan Zhang, Shuinai Zhang, Li Ji

摘要:

漫射软X射线线发射通常用于追踪附近星系中热星际介质的热和化学性质及其内容。虽然共振线散射使发射的解释复杂化,但它也提供了测量介质运动学的机会。我们已经实现了一个直接的蒙特卡罗模拟计划,使我们能够占介质中的共振散射效应,在原则上,与任意的空间,热,化学和运动学分布。在这里,我们应用此方案通过无量纲计算的等温,化学均匀,球对称介质的径向密度分布的特点是由$β$模型。该应用程序同时考虑到由于散射引起的共振线发射的光学深度相关的空间失真和强度变化,与先前的计算一致。我们进一步将建模方案应用于M31凸起的XMM-牛顿RGS光谱中观察到的OVII和OVIII发射线复合体。这个模型,虽然由于其简单性而具有各种限制,但表明共振散射确实可以解释发射的大部分空间失真,以及线的相对强度,特别是OVII He $α$三重态的大的禁戒与共振线之比。我们首次估计了M31中各向同性湍流马赫数为$\sim0.17$,线发射气体温度为$\sim2.3\times10^6$ K。我们的结论是,共振散射一般可以发挥重要作用,在塑造软X射线光谱的弥漫热气体在正常的星系。

英文摘要:

Diffuse soft X-ray line emission is commonly used to trace the thermal and chemical properties of the hot interstellar medium, as well as its content, in nearby galaxies. Although resonant line scattering complicates the interpretation of the emission, it also offers an opportunity to measure the kinematics of the medium. We have implemented a direct Monte Carlo simulation scheme that enables us to account for resonant scattering effect in the medium, in principle, with arbitrary spatial, thermal, chemical, and kinematic distributions. Here we apply this scheme via dimensionless calculation to an isothermal, chemically uniform, and spherically symmetric medium with a radial density distribution characterized by a $β$-model. This application simultaneously account for both optical depth-dependent spatial distortion and intensity change of the resonant line emission due to the scattering, consistent with previous calculations. We further apply the modeling scheme to the OVII and OVIII emission line complex observed in the XMM-Newton RGS spectrum of the M31 bulge. This modeling, though with various limitations due to its simplicity, shows that the resonant scattering could indeed account for much of the spatial distortion of the emission, as well as the relative strengths of the lines, especially the large forbidden to resonant line ratio of the OVII He$α$ triplet. We estimate the isotropic turbulence Mach number of the medium in M31 as $\sim0.17$ for the first time and the line-emitting gas temperature as $\sim2.3\times10^6$ K. We conclude that the resonant scattering may in general play an important role in shaping the soft X-ray spectra of diffuse hot gas in normal galaxies.

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