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arXiv 1906.07985astro-ph.GA
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Milky Way的内部两个度数。银河系中心和周围的内球恒星星族之间化学差异的证据

The inner two degrees of the Milky Way. Evidence of a chemical difference between the Galactic Center and the surrounding inner bulge stellar populations

M. Schultheis, R. M. Rich, L. Origlia, N. Ryde, G. Nandakumar, B. Thorsbro, N. Neumayer

摘要:

虽然已经有许多关于银河核球化学丰度的研究,但由于大量和多变的星际消光、极端的恒星拥挤和复杂的前景盘恒星星族的存在,中央两度相对未被探索。在本文中,我们讨论的金属丰度分布函数,垂直和径向梯度和化学丰度的$α$ -元素在银河系内两个学位,作为最近的红外光谱调查获得。我们使用的汇编最近测量的金属丰度和$α$元素丰度来自中高分辨率光谱。我们将这些金属丰度与低分辨率研究进行比较。将“富金属”定义为具有$ \rm [Fe/H]>0$的恒星,将“贫金属”定义为具有$\rm [Fe/H]<0$的恒星,我们发现了令人信服的证据,表明银河系中心(GC)中的富金属恒星比例($\sim 80\%$)高于在最内侧600 pc内的低纬度区域测量的值(50-60\%)。在GC区域的高比例富金属恒星意味着一个非常高的平均金属丰度为+0.2 dex,而在隆起的内部600 pc,平均金属丰度在太阳值附近相当均匀。只有在包括GC的情况下,才测量到内部600 pc的垂直金属丰度梯度为-0.27 dex/kpc,否则分布大致平坦,与没有垂直梯度一致。除了其高恒星密度,银河系中心/核星团也是极端的托管高恒星丰度,相比周围的内球恒星星族;这对形成情景的影响,并加强了NSC是一个独特的恒星系统的情况。

英文摘要:

Although there have been numerous studies of chemical abundances in the Galactic bulge, the central two degrees have been relatively unexplored due to the heavy and variable interstellar extinction, extreme stellar crowding, and the presence of complex foreground disk stellar populations. In this paper we discuss the metallicity distribution function, vertical and radial gradients and chemical abundances of $α$-elements in the inner two degrees of the Milky Way, as obtained by recent IR spectroscopic surveys. We use a compilation of recent measurements of metallicities and $α$-element abundances derived from medium-high resolution spectroscopy. We compare these metallicities with low-resolution studies. Defining "metal-rich" as stars with $ \rm [Fe/H]>0$, and "metal-poor" as stars with $\rm [Fe/H]<0$, we find compelling evidence for a higher fraction ($\sim 80\%$) of metal-rich stars in the Galactic Center (GC) compared to the values (50-60\%) measured in the low latitude fields within the innermost 600 pc. The high fraction of metal-rich stars in the GC region implies a very high mean metallicity of +0.2 dex, while in the inner 600 pc of the bulge the mean metallicity is rather homogenous around the solar value. A vertical metallicity gradient of -0.27 dex/kpc in the inner 600 pc is only measured if the GC is included, otherwise the distribution is about flat and consistent with no vertical gradient. In addition to its high stellar density, the Galactic center/nuclear star cluster is also extreme in hosting high stellar abundances, compared to the surrounding inner bulge stellar populations; this has implications for formation scenarios and strengthens the case for the NSC being a distinct stellar system.

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