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arXiv 1805.04079astro-ph.GA
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仙女座星系的第一盖亚动力学:DR2固有运动、轨道和M31和M33的旋转

First Gaia Dynamics of the Andromeda System: DR2 Proper Motions, Orbits, and Rotation of M31 and M33

Roeland P. van der Marel, Mark A. Fardal, Sangmo Tony Sohn, Ekta Patel, Gurtina Besla, Andrés del Pino-Molina, Johannes Sahlmann, Laura L. Watkins

摘要:

M31和M33的三维速度对于理解本星系群的演化和宇宙学背景是非常重要的。它们最大质量的恒星被盖亚探测到,我们使用数据发布2(DR2)来确定星系自行(PM)。我们选择星系成员的基础上,例如,视差、PM、色星等图位置和局部恒星密度。这两个星系的PM旋转被确信地检测到,与已知的视线旋转曲线一致:M31的$V_{\rm rot} = -206\pm86$ km s $^{-1}$(逆时针)和M33的$V_{\rm rot} = 80\pm52$ km s $^{-1}$(顺时针)。我们测量每个星系相对于周围的背景类星体在DR2的质心PM。由此得出,对于M31,$(μ_{α*},μ_δ)$等于作为yr $^{-1}$的$(65 \pm 18 , -57 \pm 15)$ $μ$,而对于M33,$(31 \pm 19 , -29 \pm 16)$ $μ$等于作为yr $^{-1}$。除列出的随机误差外,每个分量的额外剩余系统误差为16 $μ$(作为年$^{-1}$)。这些结果是一致的,在0.8 $σ$和1.0 $σ$与(2和3倍更高的精度)测量已经从哈勃太空望远镜(HST)光学成像和VLBA水脉泽观测,分别。这使人们相信所有这些测量都是可靠的。新的结果意味着M31朝向银河系的轨道比以前推测的要小一些,$V_{\rm tan, DR2+HST} = 57^{+35}_{-31}$ km s $^{-1}$,并加强了M33可能是第一次落入M31的论点。这些结果突出了盖亚未来在银河系卫星系统之外进行PM研究的潜力。

英文摘要:

The 3D velocities of M31 and M33 are important for understanding the evolution and cosmological context of the Local Group. Their most massive stars are detected by Gaia, and we use Data Release 2 (DR2) to determine the galaxy proper motions (PMs). We select galaxy members based on, e.g., parallax, PM, color-magnitude-diagram location, and local stellar density. The PM rotation of both galaxies is confidently detected, consistent with the known line-of-sight rotation curves: $V_{\rm rot} = -206\pm86$ km s$^{-1}$ (counter-clockwise) for M31, and $V_{\rm rot} = 80\pm52$ km s$^{-1}$ (clockwise) for M33. We measure the center-of-mass PM of each galaxy relative to surrounding background quasars in DR2. This yields that $(μ_{α*},μ_δ)$ equals $(65 \pm 18 , -57 \pm 15)$ $μ$as yr$^{-1}$ for M31, and $(31 \pm 19 , -29 \pm 16)$ $μ$as yr$^{-1}$ for M33. In addition to the listed random errors, each component has an additional residual systematic error of 16 $μ$as yr$^{-1}$. These results are consistent at 0.8$σ$ and 1.0$σ$ with the (2 and 3 times higher-accuracy) measurements already available from Hubble Space Telescope (HST) optical imaging and VLBA water maser observations, respectively. This lends confidence that all these measurements are robust. The new results imply that the M31 orbit towards the Milky Way is somewhat less radial than previously inferred, $V_{\rm tan, DR2+HST} = 57^{+35}_{-31}$ km s$^{-1}$, and strengthen arguments that M33 may be on its first infall into M31. The results highlight the future potential of Gaia for PM studies beyond the Milky Way satellite system.

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