This paper investigates the energy complexity of distributed graph problems in multi-hop radio networks, where the energy cost of an algorithm is measured by the maximum number of awake rounds of a vertex. Recent works revealed that some problems, such as broadcast, breadth-first search, and maximal matching, can be solved with energy-efficient algorithms that consume only $\text{poly} \log n$ energy. However, there exist some problems, such as computing the diameter of the graph, that require $Ω(n)$ energy to solve. To improve energy efficiency for these problems, we focus on a special graph class: bounded-genus graphs. We present algorithms for computing the exact diameter, the exact global minimum cut size, and a $(1 \pmε)$-approximate $s$-$t$ minimum cut size with $\tilde{O}(\sqrt{n})$ energy for bounded-genus graphs. Our approach is based on a generic framework that divides the vertex set into high-degree and low-degree parts and leverages the structural properties of bounded-genus graphs to control the number of certain connected components in the subgraph induced by the low-degree part.
A complexity dichotomy for Matching Cut in (bipartite) graphs of fixed diameter
在图中,匹配割是匹配的边割。匹配割是判定给定图是否有匹配割的问题,即使仅限于二分图,也是NP完全的。证明了直径为2的图的匹配割是多项式可解的。本文证明了对任意固定的整数$d\ge 3$,匹配割在直径为$d$的图类中是NP-完全的.这解决了Borowiecki和Jesse-Józefczyk在[Matching cutsets in graphs of diameter $2$,Theoretical计算机科学407(2008)574-582]中提出的公开问题。然后,我们表明,对于任何固定的整数$d\ge 4$,匹配割是NP-完全的,即使限制在类的二部图的直径$d$。作为对硬度结果的补充,我们证明了匹配割在直径不超过3的二部图类中是多项式时间可解的,并提出了一种新的求解直径为$2$的图类中匹配割的简单多项式时间算法.
We revisit classical connectivity problems in the CONGEST model of distributed computing. By using techniques from fault tolerant network design, we show improved constructions, some of which are even "local" (i.e., with $\widetilde{O}(1)$ rounds) for problems that are closely related to hard global problems (i.e., with a lower bound of $Ω(Diam+\sqrt{n})$ rounds). Our main results are: (1) For $D$-diameter unweighted graphs with constant edge connectivity, we show an exact distributed deterministic computation of the minimum cut in $poly(D)$ rounds. This resolves one the open problems recently…
We prove essentially tight lower bounds, conditionally to the Exponential Time Hypothesis, for two fundamental but seemingly very different cutting problems on surface-embedded graphs: the Shortest Cut Graph problem and the Multiway Cut problem. A cut graph of a graph $G$ embedded on a surface $S$ is a subgraph of $G$ whose removal from $S$ leaves a disk. We consider the problem of deciding whether an unweighted graph embedded on a surface of genus $g$ has a cut graph of length at most a given value. We prove a time lower bound for this problem of $n^{Ω(g/\log g)}$ conditionally to ETH. In oth…
Multicuts in Planar and Bounded-Genus Graphs with Bounded Number of Terminals
给定一个无向的边加权图G和一对顶点(称为终端对),最小多割问题要求一个最小权的边集,使得删除这些边后,每对的两个终端属于图的不同连通分支。依赖于拓扑技术,我们提供了一个多项式时间算法的情况下,G是嵌入在一个固定的曲面上的亏格g(例如,当G是平面时),并且具有固定数量t的端子。运行时间是一个多项式的次数为O(sqrt{g^2+gt})的输入大小。在平面情况下,我们的结果纠正了Bentz [Int. Workshop on Parameterized and Exact Computation,109-119,2012]的扩展摘要中的错误。最小多割问题也是多路割问题的一个推广,也称为多路割问题。多端切割问题;即使对于这种特殊情况,也没有专门的算法用于嵌入表面上的图形。
Low congestion shortcuts, introduced by Ghaffari and Haeupler (SODA 2016), provide a unified framework for global optimization problems in the congest model of distributed computing. Roughly speaking, for a given graph $G$ and a collection of vertex-disjoint connected subsets $S_1,\ldots, S_\ell \subseteq V(G)$, $(c,d)$ low-congestion shortcuts augment each subgraph $G[S_i]$ with a subgraph $H_i \subseteq G$ such that: (i) each edge appears on at most $c$ subgraphs (congestion bound), and (ii) the diameter of each subgraph $G[S_i] \cup H_i$ is bounded by $d$ (dilation bound). It is desirable t…
Distributed optimization algorithms are frequently faced with solving sub-problems on disjoint connected parts of a network. Unfortunately, the diameter of these parts can be significantly larger than the diameter of the underlying network, leading to slow running times. Recent work by [Ghaffari and Hauepler; SODA'16] showed that this phenomenon can be seen as the broad underlying reason for the pervasive $Ω(\sqrt{n} + D)$ lower bounds that apply to most optimization problems in the CONGEST model. On the positive side, this work also introduced low-congestion shortcuts as an elegant solution t…
我们考虑的问题,切割一组边缘的多面体流形表面,可能与边界,以获得一个单一的拓扑磁盘,最小化的切割边缘的总数或其总长度。我们表明,这个问题是NP-困难的,即使是没有边界的流形和穿孔的领域。我们还描述了一个运行时间为n^{O(g+k)}的算法,其中n是组合复杂度,g是亏格,k是输入曲面的边界分量数。最后,我们描述了一个贪心算法,输出一个O(log^2 g)-近似的最小割图在O(g^2 n log n)的时间。
Holiest Minimum-Cost Paths and Flows in Surface Graphs
设$G$是一个边权有向图,其中$n$的顶点嵌入在亏格为$g$的可定向曲面上.我们描述了一个简单的确定性字典序扰动方案,该方案保证了$G$中最小成本流和最短路径的唯一性。扰动需要$O(gn)$时间来计算。我们使用我们的扰动计划在一个黑盒的方式来获得一个确定性的$O(n \log \log n)$时间算法的最小切割\emph{directed}边加权平面图和一个确定性的$O(g^2 n \log n)$时间预处理计划的多源最短路径问题的计算最短路径预言的所有顶点躺在一个表面嵌入图的公共面。后者的结果产生更快的确定性近线性时间算法的各种问题,在常亏格表面嵌入图。最后,我们打开黑盒子,以推广最近的线性时间算法的多源最短路径在无向平面图工作在任意定向表面。我们的算法运行在$O(g^2 n \log g)$时间在此设置,它可以用来给改进的线性时间算法的几个问题的无权无向面嵌入图的常亏格,包括计算最小割,最短的拓扑非平凡圈,最小的同源基。
We present an algorithm for distributed networks to efficiently find a small vertex cut in the CONGEST model. Given a positive integer $κ$, our algorithm can, with high probability, either find $κ$ vertices whose removal disconnects the network or return that such $κ$ vertices do not exist. Our algorithm takes $κ^3\cdot \tilde{O}(D+\sqrt{n})$ rounds, where $n$ is the number of vertices in the network and $D$ denotes the network's diameter. This implies $\tilde{O}(D+\sqrt{n})$ round complexity whenever $κ=\text{polylog}(n)$. Prior to our result, a bound of $\tilde{O}(D)$ is known only when $κ=1…
For a connected graph $G=(V,E)$, a matching $M\subseteq E$ is a matching cut of $G$ if $G-M$ is disconnected. It is known that for an integer $d$, the corresponding decision problem Matching Cut is polynomial-time solvable for graphs of diameter at most $d$ if $d\leq 2$ and NP-complete if $d\geq 3$. We prove the same dichotomy for graphs of bounded radius. For a graph $H$, a graph is $H$-free if it does not contain $H$ as an induced subgraph. As a consequence of our result, we can solve Matching Cut in polynomial time for $P_6$-free graphs, extending a recent result of Feghali for $P_5$-free g…