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arXiv 1803.06296astro-ph.GA
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大质量椭圆星系、星系群和星系团热晕中铁富集的质量不变性

Mass-invariance of the iron enrichment in the hot haloes of massive ellipticals, groups, and clusters of galaxies

François Mernier, Jelle de Plaa, Norbert Werner, Jelle S. Kaastra, Anton J. J. Raassen, Liyi Gu, Junjie Mao, Igone Urdampilleta, Nhut Truong, Aurora Simionescu

摘要:

X射线测量发现系统较低的Fe丰度的X射线发射晕弥漫组($kT\lesssim1.7$千电子伏)比星系团。这些结果很难与理论预测相一致。然而,模型使用不完整的原子数据或等温等离子体的假设可能有偏见的最佳拟合铁丰度组和巨大的椭圆星系低。在这项工作中,我们利用光谱拟合包DAC的原子代码的重大更新,重新评估的Fe丰度在43个集群,集团和椭圆星系(CHEERS样本)在自洽分析和共同半径为0.1 $r_{500}$。对于第一次,我们报告了一个非常相似的平均铁富集在所有这些系统。与以前的结果不同,这强烈表明,金属的合成和运输在这些晕在两个数量级的总质量相同的平均效率。我们发现,以前的金属丰度测量在低温系统中偏低,由于光谱拟合代码中的原子数据不完整。这样的代码相关的铁的偏见,也意味着以前未考虑的偏见的排放措施和温度结构的原因进行了讨论。

英文摘要:

X-ray measurements find systematically lower Fe abundances in the X-ray emitting haloes pervading groups ($kT\lesssim1.7$ keV) than in clusters of galaxies. These results have been difficult to reconcile with theoretical predictions. However, models using incomplete atomic data or the assumption of isothermal plasmas may have biased the best fit Fe abundance in groups and giant elliptical galaxies low. In this work, we take advantage of a major update of the atomic code in the spectral fitting package SPEX to re-evaluate the Fe abundance in 43 clusters, groups, and elliptical galaxies (the CHEERS sample) in a self-consistent analysis and within a common radius of 0.1$r_{500}$. For the first time, we report a remarkably similar average Fe enrichment in all these systems. Unlike previous results, this strongly suggests that metals are synthesised and transported in these haloes with the same average efficiency across two orders of magnitude in total mass. We show that the previous metallicity measurements in low temperature systems were biased low due to incomplete atomic data in the spectral fitting codes. The reasons for such a code-related Fe bias, also implying previously unconsidered biases in the emission measure and temperature structure, are discussed.

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