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arXiv 1006.4976astro-ph.GA
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缺铁问题与Ia型超新星对银河系球状体热气体的富集

Missing Iron Problem and Type Ia Supernova Enrichment of Hot Gas in Galactic Spheroids

Shikui Tang, Q. Daniel Wang

摘要:

Ia型超新星(Ia SNe)为银河系恒星球状体中的热气体提供了丰富的铁源。然而,没有观察到预期的超太阳铁丰度的热气体。相反,X射线观测经常显示铁丰度向银河系中心区域下降,预计Ia SN富集度最高。我们通过研究富集过程及其对热气体X射线丰度测量的影响来研究这种缺铁问题的原因。Ia SN铁喷出物的演化模拟的背景下,银河系范围内的热气体流出,在超音速和亚音速的情况下,可以预期的热气体在银河系的凸起或椭圆星系的中间质量。SN反向冲击加热的铁喷射物通常被发现具有非常高的温度和低密度,因此产生很少的X射线发射。这样的热喷出物,由其巨大的浮力驱动,可以迅速达到比周围介质高得多的向外速度,而周围介质主要由演化恒星的质量损失所控制。喷出物在大的星系半径处逐渐动态地与介质混合。喷出物也慢慢地被稀释和冷却{ \sl原位}质量注入从演化的恒星。这些过程一起自然地导致在热气体的平均径向铁丰度分布中观察到的正梯度,即使质量加权。这种趋势是除了X射线测量偏差,倾向于低估具有温度分布的热气体的铁丰度。

英文摘要:

Type Ia supernovae (Ia SNe) provide a rich source of iron for hot gas in galactic stellar spheroids. However, the expected super-solar iron abundance of the hot gas is not observed. Instead, X-ray observations often show decreasing iron abundance toward galactic central regions, where the Ia SN enrichment is expected to be the highest. We examine the cause of this missing iron problem by studying the enrichment process and its effect on X-ray abundance measurements of the hot gas. The evolution of Ia SN iron ejecta is simulated in the context of galaxy-wide hot gas outflows, in both supersonic and subsonic cases, as may be expected for hot gas in galactic bulges or elliptical galaxies of intermediate masses. SN reverse-shock heated iron ejecta is typically found to have a very high temperature and low density, hence producing little X-ray emission. Such hot ejecta, driven by its large buoyancy, can quickly reach a substantially higher outward velocity than the ambient medium, which is dominated by mass loss from evolved stars. The ejecta is gradually and dynamically mixed with the medium at large galactic radii. The ejecta is also slowly diluted and cooled by {\sl insitu} mass injection from evolved stars. These processes together naturally result in the observed positive gradient in the average radial iron abundance distribution of the hot gas, even if mass-weighted. This trend is in addition to the X-ray measurement bias that tends to underestimate the iron abundance for the hot gas with a temperature distribution.

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