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arXiv 1011.5502astro-ph.COastro-ph.GA
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星系际金属在红移z=3处的填充因子

The filling factor of intergalactic metals at redshift z=3

C. M. Booth, Joop Schaye, J. D. Delgado, Claudio Dalla Vecchia

摘要:

对类星体吸收线系统的观测表明,z=3的星系际介质(IGM)被重元素污染,污染深度达HI光学深度τ_HI<<10。然而,目前尚不清楚的是,需要用金属富集的体积的比例是多少,以及为了重现观测结果,仅富集靠近星系的区域是否足够。我们使用来自大型宇宙学模拟的气体密度场,与合成类星体光谱和强加的,模型金属分布,调查什么样的富集模式可以重现所观察到的中值光学深度的CIV作为tau_HI的函数。我们的模型只能满足观测约束,如果z=3 IGM主要由位于低质量(m_tot<10^10 M_sun)晕中的星系富集,这些晕可以将金属喷射到>10^2 kpc的距离。更大质量的晕中的Galerkin不可能解释这些观测结果,因为它们太罕见了,它们的流出物无法覆盖足够大的体积。星系团需要将气体富集到远大于其宿主晕维里半径的距离。假设金属在小尺度上很好地混合,我们的建模要求模拟的体积和重子质量中被金属污染的部分分别为>10%和>50%,以便与观测结果相匹配。

英文摘要:

Observations of quasar absorption line systems reveal that the z=3 intergalactic medium (IGM) is polluted by heavy elements down to HI optical depths tau_HI<<10. What is not yet clear, however, is what fraction of the volume needs to be enriched by metals and whether it suffices to enrich only regions close to galaxies in order to reproduce the observations. We use gas density fields derived from large cosmological simulations, together with synthetic quasar spectra and imposed, model metal distributions to investigate what enrichment patterns can reproduce the observed median optical depth of CIV as a function of tau_HI. Our models can only satisfy the observational constraints if the z=3 IGM was primarily enriched by galaxies that reside in low-mass (m_tot<10^10 M_sun) haloes that can eject metals out to distances >10^2 kpc. Galaxies in more massive haloes cannot possibly account for the observations as they are too rare for their outflows to cover a sufficiently large fraction of the volume. Galaxies need to enrich gas out to distances that are much greater than the virial radii of their host haloes. Assuming the metals to be well mixed on small scales, our modeling requires that the fractions of the simulated volume and baryonic mass that are polluted with metals are, respectively, >10% and >50% in order to match observations.

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