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arXiv 1106.6089astro-ph.CO
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红移z=7.085的类星体ULAS J1120 +0641周围的星系际介质是中性的吗?

How neutral is the intergalactic medium surrounding the redshift z=7.085 quasar ULAS J1120+0641?

James S. Bolton, Martin G. Haehnelt, Stephen J. Warren, Paul C. Hewett, Daniel J. Mortlock, Bram P. Venemans, Richard G. McMahon, Chris Simpson

摘要:

红移z=7.085的类星体ULAS J1120+0641有一个高度电离的近区,它比类似光度的z~6类星体周围的近区要小。光谱还显示出阻尼翼向系统Lya红移的证据。我们使用辐射转移模拟在宇宙学的背景下,调查的电离状态的非均匀IGM围绕这个类星体的影响。我们的模拟结果表明,透射剖面与体均HI分数f_HI>0.1的类星体附近的IGM一致,并且ULAS J1120+0641已经明亮了10^6- 10^7年。如果一个高电离IGM中的阻尼Lya系统位于类星体5 Mpc的范围内,那么观测到的光谱也与较小的IGM中性部分相一致,f_HI ~ 10^-3--10-4。然而,对于10^6--10^7年的明亮阶段,这一现象预计只会出现在我们模拟的视线中的5%左右。除非ULAS J1120+0641在之前的光学遮蔽阶段生长,否则类星体推断的低年龄增加了在如此高的红移下形成2 × 10^9 M_sol黑洞的理论挑战。

英文摘要:

The quasar ULAS J1120+0641 at redshift z=7.085 has a highly ionised near zone which is smaller than those around quasars of similar luminosity at z~6. The spectrum also exhibits evidence for a damping wing extending redward of the systemic Lya redshift. We use radiative transfer simulations in a cosmological context to investigate the implications for the ionisation state of the inhomogeneous IGM surrounding this quasar. Our simulations show that the transmission profile is consistent with an IGM in the vicinity of the quasar with a volume averaged HI fraction of f_HI>0.1 and that ULAS J1120+0641 has been bright for 10^6--10^7 yr. The observed spectrum is also consistent with smaller IGM neutral fractions, f_HI ~ 10^-3--10-4, if a damped Lya system in an otherwise highly ionised IGM lies within 5 proper Mpc of the quasar. This is, however, predicted to occur in only ~5 per cent of our simulated sight-lines for a bright phase of 10^6--10^7 yr. Unless ULAS J1120+0641 grows during a previous optically obscured phase, the low age inferred for the quasar adds to the theoretical challenge of forming a 2x10^9 M_sol black hole at this high redshift.

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