红移 z = 5.9896 类星体 ULAS J0148+0600 光谱中 Lyman-$α$ 阻尼翼的概率有多大？
How probable is the Lyman-$α$ damping wing in the spectrum of the redshift z = 5.9896 quasar ULAS J0148+0600?
AI总结：
本文利用 Sherwood-Relics 模拟评估红移 z=5.9896 类星体 J0148 光谱中 Lyman-α 阻尼翼的出现概率，发现再电离晚期结束是重现该阻尼翼的必要条件，但其同时匹配近区大小的先验概率较低，可能暗示电离发射存在短期变化或受邻近效应影响。
摘要：
红移 $z=5.9896$ 类星体 ULAS J0148$+$0600（以下简称 J0148）近区中 Ly-$α$ 透射的形状与源自弥散星际介质（IGM）中广阔中性氢岛的阻尼翼一致。在此，我们使用 Sherwood-Relics 的晚期结束再电离模拟来评估具有与观测到的 J0148 光谱类似 Ly-$α$ 和 Ly-$β$ 吸收的类星体的预期发生率。我们发现，再电离在 $z=5.3$ 晚期结束是重现与 J0148 一致的 Ly-$α$ 阻尼翼的必要条件。这在 $z=6$ 时 IGM 中性分数 $\langle x_{\rm HI}\rangle=0.14$ 的模拟光谱中占比约 $3\\%$。然而，使用 J0148 电离光子产出的标准假设，抽取到同时匹配 J0148 的 Ly-$α$ 阻尼翼轮廓\emph{和} Ly-$α$ 近区大小的模拟类星体光谱的先验概率很低，$p<10^{-2}$。这可能表明 J0148 的电离发射在 $t<10^{5}\rm\\,yr$ 的时间尺度上是变化的，或者 J0148 近区的 Ly-$α$ 透射受到附近恒星形成星系或未探测到的类星体的横向邻近效应的影响。我们还预测，由于近期的 H$\\,\rm \scriptstyle I$ 和 He$\\,\rm \scriptstyle II$ 光电加热，在 Ly-$α$ 近区边缘几个固有 Mpc 内的 IGM 温度应为 $T\sim 4\times 10^{4}\rm\\,K$。阻尼翼边缘附近 Ly-$α$ 吸收热增宽的证据将提供进一步证据，表明再电离的最后阶段正发生在 $z<6$。
英文摘要：
The shape of the Ly-$α$ transmission in the near zone of the redshift $z=5.9896$ quasar ULAS J0148$+$0600 (hereafter J0148) is consistent with a damping wing arising from an extended neutral hydrogen island in the diffuse intergalactic medium (IGM). Here we use simulations of late-ending reionisation from Sherwood-Relics to assess the expected incidence of quasars with Ly-$α$ and Ly-$β$ absorption similar to the observed J0148 spectrum. We find a late end to reionisation at $z=5.3$ is a necessary requirement for reproducing a Ly-$α$ damping wing consistent with J0148. This occurs in $\sim3$ per cent of our simulated spectra for an IGM neutral fraction $\langle x_{\rm HI}\rangle=0.14$ at $z=6$. However, using standard assumptions for the ionising photon output of J0148, the a priori probability of drawing a simulated quasar spectrum with a Ly-$α$ damping wing profile \emph{and} Ly-$α$ near zone size that simultaneously match J0148 is low, $p<10^{-2}$. This may indicate that the ionising emission from J0148 is variable on timescales $t<10^{5}\rm\,yr$, or alternatively that the Ly-$α$ transmission in the J0148 near zone is impacted by the transverse proximity effect from nearby star-forming galaxies or undetected quasars. We also predict the IGM temperature should be $T\sim 4\times 10^{4}\rm\,K$ within a few proper Mpc of the Ly-$α$ near zone edge due to recent H$\,\rm \scriptstyle I$ and He$\,\rm \scriptstyle II$ photo-heating. Evidence for enhanced thermal broadening in the Ly-$α$ absorption near the damping wing edge would provide further evidence that the final stages of reionisation are occurring at $z<6$.
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