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arXiv 1209.0553astro-ph.CO
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类星体颜色和软X射线背景对星系际尘埃的联合约束

Combined constraints on intergalactic dust from quasar colours and the soft X-ray background

Joel Johansson, Edvard Mortsell

摘要:

除非得到适当的修正,星系际尘埃的存在将引入一个红移依赖的星等偏移标准烛光源。与无尘宇宙相比,这将导致高估亮度距离,并使宇宙学参数估计产生偏差,例如,Ia型超新星观测。在本文中,我们模型的光学消光和X射线散射特性的星系际尘埃颗粒约束星系际不透明度使用观测到的类星体的颜色和软X射线背景的组合分析。类星体的颜色有效地限制了小于~0.2微米的星系际尘埃颗粒的数量,达到了我们预期Ia型超新星星等-红移关系中相应的系统误差次主导的程度。软X射线背景观测有助于改善对非常大的尘埃颗粒的约束,因为光学红变的量非常小,因此更难以校正。对于红移z = 1的光源,我们目前的上限对应于光学波长处约0.25量级的调光,这太小而不能减轻对暗能量的需求,但就相对误差而言却很大。然而,我们希望通过对X射线背景的可能来源的更好理解,结合对活动星系核等致密X射线源的观测,有可能大大降低这一界限。

英文摘要:

Unless properly corrected for, the existence of intergalactic dust will introduce a redshift dependent magnitude offset to standard candle sources. This would lead to overestimated luminosity distances compared to a dust-free universe and bias the cosmological parameter estimation as derived from, e.g., Type Ia supernovae observations. In this paper, we model the optical extinction and X-ray scattering properties of intergalactic dust grains to constrain the intergalactic opacity using a combined analysis of observed quasar colours and the soft X-ray background. Quasar colours effectively constrain the amount of intergalactic dust grains smaller than ~0.2 microns, to the point where we expect the corresponding systematic error in the Type Ia supernova magnitude-redshift relation to be sub-dominant. Soft X-ray background observations are helpful in improving the constraints on very large dust grains for which the amount of optical reddening is very small and therefore is more difficult to correct for. Our current upper limit corresponds to ~0.25 magnitude dimming at optical wavelengths for a source at redshift z = 1, which is too small to alleviate the need for dark energy but large in terms of relative error. However, we expect it to be possible to lower this bound considerably with an improved understanding of the possible sources of the X-ray background, in combination with observations of compact X-ray sources such as Active Galactic Nuclei.

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