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arXiv 1803.04698cond-mat.mes-hall
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电子分形的设计与表征

Design and characterization of electronic fractals

S. N. Kempkes, M. R. Slot, S. E. Freeney, S. J. M. Zevenhuizen, D. Vanmaekelbergh, I. Swart, C. Morais Smith

摘要:

电子量子系统的维数决定了它的性质。在1D中,电子形成Luttinger液体,在2D中,它们表现出量子霍尔效应。然而,人们对电子在非整数维(即分数维)中的行为知之甚少。在这里,我们展示了如何通过控制CO分子在Cu(111)表面上的位置来定义人工原子阵列,以及这些位点如何耦合形成电子Sierpinski分形。我们用扫描隧道显微镜和光谱学表征了不同能量下的电子波函数,并表明它们继承了分数维。在谢尔宾斯基结构上离域的波函数在更高的能量下分解成自相似部分,并且这种尺度不变性也可以在倒易空间中恢复。我们的研究结果表明,电子量子分形可以人为的原子操纵在扫描隧道显微镜。同样的方法将允许解决自旋轨道相互作用和磁场对非整数维电子的影响的基本问题。此外,人造原子的合理概念可以很容易地转移到平面半导体电子学中,从而允许在定义良好的分形几何中探索电子,包括相互作用和外部场。

英文摘要:

The dimensionality of an electronic quantum system is decisive for its properties. In 1D electrons form a Luttinger liquid and in 2D they exhibit the quantum Hall effect. However, very little is known about the behavior of electrons in non-integer, i.e. fractional dimensions. Here, we show how arrays of artificial atoms can be defined by controlled positioning of CO molecules on a Cu(111) surface, and how these sites couple to form electronic Sierpinski fractals. We characterize the electron wavefunctions at different energies with scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy and show that they inherit the fractional dimension. Wavefunctions delocalized over the Sierpinski structure decompose into self-similar parts at higher energy, and this scale invariance can also be retrieved in reciprocal space. Our results show that electronic quantum fractals can be man-made by atomic manipulation in a scanning tunneling microscope. The same methodology will allow to address fundamental questions on the effects of spin-orbit interaction and a magnetic field on electrons in non-integer dimensions. Moreover, the rational concept of artificial atoms can readily be transferred to planar semiconductor electronics, allowing for the exploration of electrons in a well-defined fractal geometry, including interactions and external fields.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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