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arXiv 1802.01731astro-ph.SRastro-ph.IM
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太阳动力学观测站上日震和磁成象仪的在轨性能

On-Orbit Performance of the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager Instrument onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory

J. Todd Hoeksema, Charles S. Baldner, Rock I. Bush, Jesper Schou, Philip H. Scherrer

摘要:

日震和磁成像仪(HMI)是美国宇航局太阳动力学天文台(SDO)航天器的主要组成部分。自2010年5月1日开始正常的科学运行以来,HMI一直以惊人的连续性运行,例如在截至2015年9月30日的SDO主要任务的五年多时间里,HMI收集了所有可能的45秒速度图的98.4%;最大限度地减少这些全磁盘多普勒图中的间隙对于日震学至关重要。HMI速度、强度和磁场测量在许多调查中使用,因此了解数据的质量非常重要。我们描述了用于跟踪HMI性能的校准测量,并详细说明了任务期间重要仪器参数的趋势。定期校准序列提供用于改进和更新HMI数据校准的信息。定期调整仪器前窗和光具座的设定点温度以保持仪器聚焦,并改变温度控制方案以提高可观测量的稳定性。已更改暴露时间,以补偿仪器通量下降15%。快门和调谐机制的性能测量表明,它们正在按预期老化,并继续按照规范执行。可调谐光学滤波器元件的参数被有规律地调整以考虑中心波长的漂移。经常测量不断变化的CCD相机的特性,如增益和平场,用于校准的意见。不常见的预期事件,如日食,凌日和航天器离点,中断常规仪器操作,并提供执行额外校准的机会。机载仪器异常是罕见的,似乎发生相当一致的时间。该仪器继续表现良好。

英文摘要:

The Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) instrument is a major component of NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) spacecraft. Since beginning normal science operations on 1 May 2010, HMI has operated with remarkable continuity, e.g. during the more than five years of the SDO prime mission that ended 30 September 2015, HMI collected 98.4% of all possible 45-second velocity maps; minimizing gaps in these full-disk Dopplergrams is crucial for helioseismology. HMI velocity, intensity, and magnetic-field measurements are used in numerous investigations, so understanding the quality of the data is important. We describe the calibration measurements used to track HMI performance and detail trends in important instrument parameters during the mission. Regular calibration sequences provide information used to improve and update the HMI data calibration. The set-point temperature of the instrument front window and optical bench is adjusted regularly to maintain instrument focus, and changes in the temperature-control scheme have been made to improve stability in the observable quantities. The exposure time has been changed to compensate for a 15% decrease in instrument throughput. Measurements of the performance of the shutter and tuning mechanisms show that they are aging as expected and continue to perform according to specification. Parameters of the tunable-optical-filter elements are regularly adjusted to account for drifts in the central wavelength. Frequent measurements of changing CCD-camera characteristics, such as gain and flat field, are used to calibrate the observations. Infrequent expected events, such as eclipses, transits, and spacecraft off-points, interrupt regular instrument operations and provide the opportunity to perform additional calibration. Onboard instrument anomalies are rare and seem to occur quite uniformly in time. The instrument continues to perform very well.

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