arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1801.09758cond-mat.softphysics.bio-phq-bio.SC
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现实约束条件下分子马达的设计原理及性能优化

Design principles and optimal performance for molecular motors under realistic constraints

Yuhai Tu, Yuansheng Cao

摘要:

在步进率函数和马达-轨道相互作用势所构成的马达设计空间中,研究了分子马达的功率输出和能量效率.分析结果和模拟表明,需要一个门控机制,限制在一个狭窄的窗口配置空间中的前向步进产生高功率在生理相关的负载。通过推导非平衡电机的一般热力学定律,我们发现,在失速的最大扭矩(力)是小于其理论极限的任何现实的电机轨道相互作用,由于速度波动。我们的研究揭示了电机-轨道相互作用的权衡:虽然强相互作用为向前步骤产生高功率输出,但它也导致更高的浪费自发后退的可能性。我们的分析和模拟表明,这种权衡设置了一个基本限制的最大电机效率存在自发回步,即,松耦合平衡这种权衡导致的最佳设计的电机轨道的相互作用,实现最大效率接近1的现实电机,不完美地耦合与能源sources.Comparison与现有的数据和建议,为未来的实验进行了讨论。

英文摘要:

The performance of a molecular motor, characterized by its power output and energy efficiency, is investigated in the motor design space spanned by the stepping rate function and the motor-track interaction potential. Analytic results and simulations show that a gating mechanism that restricts forward stepping in a narrow window in configuration space is needed for generating high power at physiologically relevant loads. By deriving general thermodynamics laws for nonequilibrium motors, we find that the maximum torque (force) at stall is less than its theoretical limit for any realistic motor-track interactions due to speed fluctuations. Our study reveals a tradeoff for the motor- track interaction: while a strong interaction generates a high power output for forward steps, it also leads to a higher probability of wasteful spontaneous back steps. Our analysis and simulations show that this tradeoff sets a fundamental limit to the maximum motor efficiency in the presence of spontaneous back steps, i.e., loose-coupling. Balancing this tradeoff leads to an optimal design of the motor-track interaction for achieving a maximum efficiency close to 1 for realistic motors that are not perfectly coupled with the energy source.Comparison with existing data and suggestions for future experiments are discussed.

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