Magnetic storms are the most prominent global manifestations of out-of-equilibrium magnetospheric dynamics. Investigating the dynamical complexity exhibited by geomagnetic observables can provide valuable insights into relevant physical processes as well as temporal scales associated with this phenomenon. In this work, we utilize several innovative data analysis techniques enabling a quantitative nonlinear analysis of the nonstationary behavior of the disturbance storm time (Dst) index together with some of the main drivers of its temporal variability, the $VB_{South}$ electric field component, the vertical component of the interplanetary magnetic field, $B_z$, and the dynamic pressure of the solar wind, $P_{dyn}$. Using recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) and recurrence network analysis (RNA), we obtain several complementary complexity measures that serve as markers of different physical processes underlying quiet and storm time magnetospheric dynamics. Specifically, our approach discriminates the magnetospheric activity in response to external (solar wind) forcing from primarily internal variability and provides a physically meaningful classification of magnetic storm periods based on observations made at the Earth's surface. In this regard, the proposed methodology could provide a relevant step towards future improved space weather and magnetic storm forecasts.
We have found that about two months after creating a new radiation belt in the inner magnetosphere due to a geomagnetic storm, an increasing seismic activity may occur near the magnetic field lines' footprint of a newly created radiation belt. The Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES) detected a new radiation belt after a geomagnetic storm on March 24, 1991. Shortly after that, on May 30, 1991, a strong M7.0 earthquake occurred in Alaska in the footprint of geomagnetic line L~2.69. Additionally, on October 28, 2012, a strong M7.8 earthquake occurred in Canada near the footpr…
We have found that about two months after creating a new radiation belt in the inner magnetosphere due to a geomagnetic storm, an increasing seismic activity may occur near the magnetic field lines' footprint of a newly created radiation belt. The Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES) detected a new radiation belt after a geomagnetic storm on March 24, 1991. Shortly after that, on May 30, 1991, a strong M7.0 earthquake occurred in Alaska in the footprint of geomagnetic line L~2.69. Additionally, on October 28, 2012, a strong M7.8 earth-quake occurred in Canada near the footp…
The direct role of successive intense magnetospheric substorms in injecting/energizing particles into the storm-time ring current is still debated and controversial. Whereas in the recent past it has been observed the absence of a net information flow between magnetic storms and substorms, previous in-situ satellite observations have evidenced that ionospheric-origin ions dominate the population of the ring current during the main phase of geomagnetic storms. As a matter of fact, the controversy arises mainly by the use of sophisticated data-driven techniques somewhat contradicting in-situ mea…
GIC--Related Observations During the May 2024 Geomagnetic Storm in the United States
Space Weather Lab, George Mason University（乔治梅森大学空间天气实验室）；University of Cape Town（开普敦大学）；NSF NCAR/HAO（美国国家科学基金会国家大气研究中心/高空观测部）；NASA/GSFC（美国国家航空航天局戈达德太空飞行中心）；Cooperative Institute in Environmental Sciences (CIRES)（环境科学合作研究所）；NOAA/SWPC（美国国家海洋和大气管理局空间天气预报中心）
On the curlometer measurement of field-aligned and perpendicular currents in low Earth orbit: Swarm observations and whole geospace simulations
Centre for Fusion, Space & Astrophysics, University of Warwick（华威大学聚变、空间与天体物理学中心）；Centre for Space Domain Awareness, University of Warwick（华威大学太空领域感知中心）；Department of Physics, Clemson University（克莱姆森大学物理系）；Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Space, Science and Technology Facilities Council（科学和技术设施委员会拉瑟福德·阿普尔顿实验室太空部）；Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS / Université Paris Cité（巴黎地球物理研究所，法国国家科学研究中心/巴黎西岱大学）；Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University（名古屋大学地球-空间环境研究所）；Department of Physics, Lancaster University（兰卡斯特大学物理系）；Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Laboratoire d’électronique et de technologie de l’information（法国原子能和替代能源委员会信息电子与技术实验室）；Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences（奥地利科学院太空研究所）；Open Cosmos Ltd（开放宇宙有限公司）
A Model for Generating Relativistic Electrons in the Earth's Inner Magnetosphere Based on Gyroresonant Wave-Particle Interactions
在磁暴的恢复阶段，内磁层（$3\le L \le 6$）中的相对论性（$>1$ MeV）电子通量增加到超过磁暴前的水平，在磁暴开始后约4天达到峰值。为了解释这些“杀手电子”的产生，提出了一个主要基于增强哨声模式合唱的电子随机加速的模型。在一个准线性的配方，动力学（福克-普朗克）方程的电子能量分布的推导，包括基于回旋共振电子哨声模式波相互作用和平行波传播的能量扩散系数;一个源项表示亚暴产生的（低能量）种子电子;和一个损失项表示电子沉淀由于俯仰角散射哨声模式波和EMIC波。稳态解的电子能量分布的构造，并拟合到一个victially推导出的相对论麦克斯韦分布的高能量的“硬”电子人口在地球同步轨道。该机制预计将是特别有效的一类小型和中型风暴拥有一个长期的恢复阶段，在此期间，许多亚暴发生。
Effects of the May 2024 Solar Storm on the Earth's Radiation Belts Observed by CALET on the International Space Station
Louisiana State University（路易斯安那州立大学）；NASA Goddard Space Flight Center（美国国家航空航天局戈达德太空飞行中心）；Catholic University of America（美利坚天主教大学）；University of Colorado（科罗拉多大学）；Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology（冲绳科学技术大学院大学）；Shinshu University（信州大学）；Waseda University（早稻田大学）；Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency（日本宇宙航空研究开发机构）
Unprecedented Multipoint Observation of Spatially Varying ICME Turbulence of Different Ages during October 2024 Extreme Solar Storm at 1 AU
Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Indian Space Research Organization（印度空间研究组织维克拉姆萨拉巴伊航天中心空间物理实验室）；Department of Physics, University of Kerala（喀拉拉大学物理系）；National Institute for Astrophysics, Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology（意大利国家天体物理研究所空间天体物理学与行星科学研究所）；Centre for Space Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee（印度鲁尔凯理工学院空间科学与技术中心）；Physical Research Laboratory（物理研究实验室）
First results from sonification and exploratory citizen science of magnetospheric ULF waves: Long-lasting decreasing-frequency poloidal field line resonances following geomagnetic storms
Oxygen and hydrogen ion abundance in the near-Earth magnetosphere: Statistical results on the response to the geomagnetic and solar wind activity conditions
Statistical Analysis of Solar Events Associated with Storm Sudden Commencements over One Year of Solar Maximum during Cycle 23: Propagation from the Sun to the Earth and Effects
Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) are energetic storms in the Sun that result in the ejection of large-scale magnetic clouds (MCs) in interplanetary space that contain enhanced magnetic fields with coherently changing field direction. The severity of geomagnetic perturbations depends on the direction and strength of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), as well as the speed and duration of passage of the storm. The coupling between the heliospheric environment and Earth's magnetosphere is the strongest when the IMF direction is persistently southward for a prolonged period. Predicting the magne…
The dynamics of the Earth's magnetosphere exhibits strongly fluctuating patterns as well as non-stationary and non-linear interactions, more pronounced during magnetospheric substorms and magnetic storms. This complex dynamics comprises both stochastic and deterministic features occurring at different time scales. Here we investigate the stochastic nature of the magnetospheric substorm dynamics by analysing the Markovian character of SuperMAG SME and SML geomagnetic indices. By performing the Chapman-Kolmogorov test, the SME/SML dynamics appears to satisfy the Markov condition at scales below …
Frontier Development Lab（前沿发展实验室）；Inter University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics（校际天文与天体物理中心）；University of Oxford（牛津大学）；University of New Hampshire（新罕布什尔大学）；University of Reading（雷丁大学）；Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center（洛克希德·马丁先进技术中心）；NVIDIA Corporation（英伟达公司）；SRI International（斯坦福国际研究院）；ASTRA LLC（阿斯特拉有限责任公司）
Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs) arise from spatio-temporal changes to Earth's magnetic field which arise from the interaction of the solar wind with Earth's magnetosphere, and drive catastrophic destruction to our technologically dependent society. Hence, computational models to forecast GICs globally with large forecast horizon, high spatial resolution and temporal cadence are of increasing importance to perform prompt necessary mitigation. Since GIC data is proprietary, the time variability of horizontal component of the magnetic field perturbation (dB/dt) is used as a proxy for GICs…
