定义和解决地球空间中的当前系统
Defining and resolving current systems in geospace
摘要：
流经近地空间的电流（$\textit{R}$ $\leq$ 12 $\mathit{R}_{E}$）可以支持高度扭曲的磁场拓扑，改变粒子漂移路径，因此对电流本身具有非线性反馈。磁层中存在着许多电流系统，最常见的定义是：（1）昼侧磁层顶查普曼-费拉罗电流，（2）与部分环电流相连的高纬度“区域1”和低纬度“区域2”的伯克兰场向电流，（3）磁尾电流，以及（4）对称环电流。然而，在近地夜面区域，这些电流系统中的几个彼此非常接近。此外，还报告了其他时间电流系统的存在，如亚暴电流楔或“香蕉”电流。很难将一个局部测量值确定为属于一个特定的系统。然而，这种识别是重要的，因为电流如何闭合以及这些回路在空间和时间上如何变化决定了磁层的磁拓扑结构，从而控制了地球空间的物理过程。此外，有许多方法可用于确定携带每种电流的近地空间区域。这项研究提出了一个强大的收集这些定义的当前系统在地球空间，特别是在近地夜侧磁层，从各种观测和计算分析技术。定义的选择对解释地球空间动力学的物理过程产生的影响，介绍和讨论。
英文摘要：
Electric currents flowing through near-Earth space ($\textit{R}$ $\leq$12 $\mathit{R}_{E}$) can support a highly distorted magnetic field topology, changing particle drift paths and therefore having a nonlinear feedback on the currents themselves. A number of current systems exist in the magnetosphere, most commonly defined as (1) the dayside magnetopause Chapman-Ferraro currents, (2) the Birkeland field-aligned currents with high latitude "region 1" and lower-latitude "region 2" currents connected to the partial ring current, (3) the magnetotail currents, and (4) the symmetric ring current. In the near-Earth nightside region, however, several of these current systems flow in close proximity to each other. Moreover, the existence of other temporal current systems, such as the substorm current wedge or "banana" current, has been reported. It is very difficult to identify a local measurement as belonging to a specific system. Such identification is important, however, because how the current closes and how these loops change in space and time governs the magnetic topology of the magnetosphere and therefore controls the physical processes of geospace. Furthermore, many methods exist for identifying the regions of near-Earth space carrying each type of current. This study presents a robust collection of these definitions of current systems in geospace, particularly in the near-Earth nightside magnetosphere, as viewed from a variety of observational and computational analysis techniques. The influence of definitional choice on the resulting interpretation of physical processes governing geospace dynamics is presented and discussed.
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