2024年5月和10月地磁暴期间场向电流、地面磁扰动与TEC的半球间差异
Interhemispheric differences in field-aligned currents, ground magnetic perturbations, and TEC during the geomagnetic storms of May and October 2024
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中文总结 AI 辅助
研究对比2024年5月G5和10月G4地磁暴，发现尽管太阳风驱动相似，MI耦合系统在FAC形态、共轭磁扰动及TEC分布上呈现显著暴间与半球差异，归因于中尺度变率和不对称电流闭合。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
本研究调查了2024年5月10-11日极端（G5）地磁暴和10月10-11日严重（G4）地磁暴期间磁层-电离层（MI）耦合的暴间变率与半球差异。分析了基于活跃磁层与行星动力学响应实验（AMPERE）得到的全球场向电流（FAC）分布，并结合SuperMAG网络内地基磁力计的共轭观测以及全球定位系统（GPS）导出的总电子含量（TEC），以考察两个半球的高纬电动力学和电离层响应。5月事件表现出宽广且相对有序的Region 1/Region 2 FAC系统，环绕极盖区并跨越多个地方时扇区，同时伴有共轭磁扰动对应区间和结构化的TEC增强，且半球间存在时间偏移。相比之下，10月事件显示出更局域化、不对称且不均匀的FAC形态，具有显著的半球和晨昏不对称性，同时共轭磁响应差异更大，TEC变率在空间上更不均匀。这些差异与暴时条件下增强的中尺度变率和不对称电流闭合相一致。总体而言，结果表明即使在相似的强太阳风驱动下，耦合的MI系统也能表现出显著不同的空间组织和半球间耦合，反映了FAC形态、电离层电导率和局地电动力学条件的综合影响。
英文摘要
This study investigates storm-to-storm variability and hemispheric differences in magnetosphere-ionosphere (MI) coupling during the extreme (G5) geomagnetic storm of May 10-11 and the severe (G4) storm of October 10-11, 2024. Global field-aligned current (FAC) patterns derived from the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Dynamics Response Experiment (AMPERE), together with conjugate observations from ground-based magnetometers within the SuperMAG network and Global Positioning System (GPS)-derived total electron content (TEC), are analyzed to examine high-latitude electrodynamic and ionospheric responses in both hemispheres. The May event exhibits broad and relatively organized Region 1/Region 2 FAC systems encircling the polar caps across multiple local time sectors, accompanied by intervals of correspondence in conjugate magnetic perturbations and structured TEC enhancements with temporal offsets between hemispheres. In contrast, the October event shows more localized, asymmetric, and uneven FAC morphology with pronounced hemispheric and dawn-dusk asymmetries, together with greater divergence in conjugate magnetic responses and spatially heterogeneous TEC variability. These differences are consistent with enhanced mesoscale variability and asymmetric current closure under storm-time conditions. Overall, the results highlight that even under similarly strong solar wind driving, the coupled MI system can exhibit substantially different spatial organization and interhemispheric coupling, reflecting the combined influence of FAC morphology, ionospheric conductance, and local electrodynamic conditions.
发表机构
- Indian Institute of Geomagnetism（印度地磁研究所）
- Institute of Astronomy Space and Earth Science（天体空间与地球科学研究所）
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