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arXiv 1801.06192astro-ph.SRastro-ph.EP
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质量、年龄和金属丰度基准棕矮星HD 4747 B的GPI光谱

GPI Spectroscopy of the Mass, Age, and Metallicity Benchmark Brown Dwarf HD 4747 B

Justin R. Crepp, David A. Principe, Schuyler Wolff, Paige A. Giorla Godfrey, Emily L. Rice, Lucas Cieza, Laurent Pueyo, Eric B. Bechter, Erica J. Gonzales

摘要:

在太阳型恒星附近发现的褐矮星伴星的物理性质可以根据其质量、年龄、化学成分和其他参数的独立测量进行基准测试,从而提供对亚恒星物体演化的见解。TRENDS高对比度成像巡天最近发现了一颗(质量/年龄/金属丰度)基准褐矮星,它围绕着附近的G8 V/K 0 V恒星HD 4747(d=18.69+/-0.19 pc)运行。我们使用双子座行星成像仪获得了HD 4747 B的后续光谱测量,以研究其光谱类型,有效温度,表面重力和云特性。在H波段和K1波段获得的观测恢复了伴星,并揭示它在L/T跃迁(T1+/-2)附近。拟合大气模型的同伴光谱,我们发现云的存在的强有力的证据。然而,光谱模型不能令人满意地拟合完整的数据集:虽然光谱的形状可以在单个滤波器中很好地匹配,但整个通带的联合拟合会导致差异,这是棕矮星固有颜色的结果。我们还发现了一个$2σ$紧张的同伴质量,年龄和表面重力相比,进化模型。这些结果突出了使用基准对象来研究“二次效应”的重要性,如金属丰度,非平衡化学,云参数,电子传导,非绝热冷却,以及影响紧急光谱的其他微妙之处。作为一个新的L/T转换基准,HD 4747 B保证进一步研究云物理建模使用更高分辨率的光谱在更广泛的波长范围内,偏振观测,并继续多普勒径向速度和天体测量监测。

英文摘要:

The physical properties of brown dwarf companions found to orbit nearby, solar-type stars can be benchmarked against independent measures of their mass, age, chemical composition, and other parameters, offering insights into the evolution of substellar objects. The TRENDS high-contrast imaging survey has recently discovered a (mass/age/metallicity) benchmark brown dwarf orbiting the nearby (d=18.69+/-0.19 pc), G8V/K0V star HD 4747. We have acquired follow-up spectroscopic measurements of HD 4747 B using the Gemini Planet Imager to study its spectral type, effective temperature, surface gravity, and cloud properties. Observations obtained in the H-band and K1-band recover the companion and reveal that it is near the L/T transition (T1+/-2). Fitting atmospheric models to the companion spectrum, we find strong evidence for the presence of clouds. However, spectral models cannot satisfactorily fit the complete data set: while the shape of the spectrum can be well-matched in individual filters, a joint fit across the full passband results in discrepancies that are a consequence of the inherent color of the brown dwarf. We also find a $2σ$ tension in the companion mass, age, and surface gravity when comparing to evolutionary models. These results highlight the importance of using benchmark objects to study "secondary effects" such as metallicity, non-equilibrium chemistry, cloud parameters, electron conduction, non-adiabatic cooling, and other subtleties affecting emergent spectra. As a new L/T transition benchmark, HD 4747 B warrants further investigation into the modeling of cloud physics using higher resolution spectroscopy across a broader range of wavelengths, polarimetric observations, and continued Doppler radial velocity and astrometric monitoring.

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