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arXiv 1710.06992astro-ph.HE
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仙后座A内激波粒子加速特性的X射线测量

X-ray Measurements of the Particle Acceleration Properties at Inward Shocks in Cassiopeia A

Toshiki Sato, Satoru Katsuda, Mikio Morii, Aya Bamba, John P. Hughes, Yoshitomo Maeda, Manabu Ishida, Federico Fraschetti

摘要:

我们提出了新的证据,明亮的非热X射线发射功能的内部仙后座A超新星遗迹(SNR)是由向内移动的冲击钱德拉和NuSTAR的基础上的观测。利用钱德拉在2000-2014年拍摄的监测数据确定了几个明亮的向内移动的细丝。这些向内移动的激波位置与NuSTAR观测到的硬X射线(15-40 keV)热点几乎一致。根据自行测量,估计横向速度在$\sim$ 2,100 - 3,800 km s $^{-1}$范围内,距离为3.4 kpc。在膨胀的喷出物框架中,激波速度达到$\sim$ 5,100 - 8,700 km s $^{-1}$,略高于前向激波的典型速度。此外,我们发现通量的变化(增加和减少)的时间尺度上的几年,在一些向内移动的冲击丝。快速变异性时间尺度与$B \sim$ 0.5-1 mG的放大磁场一致。向内运动激波的高速和低光子截止能量表明,对于我们在这项研究中考虑的几个简单物理配置,粒子扩散系数偏离玻姆制度($k_0 = D_0/D_{\rm 0,Bohm} \sim$ 3-8)。在这些冲击的最大电子能量估计为$\sim$ 8-11 TeV,小于$\sim$ 15-34 TeV的值推断为向前冲击。仙后座A在动力学上太年轻了,它的反向激波在观测者框架中看起来是向内移动的。相反,我们认为向内移动的激波是前向激波在周围物质中遇到$\gtrsim$ 5-8密度跃变的结果。

英文摘要:

We present new evidence that the bright non-thermal X-ray emission features in the interior of the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant (SNR) are caused by inward moving shocks based on Chandra and NuSTAR observations. Several bright inward-moving filaments were identified using monitoring data taken by Chandra in 2000-2014. These inward-moving shock locations are nearly coincident with hard X-ray (15-40 keV) hot spots seen by NuSTAR. From proper motion measurements, the transverse velocities were estimated to be in the range $\sim$2,100-3,800 km s$^{-1}$ for a distance of 3.4 kpc. The shock velocities in the frame of the expanding ejecta reach values of $\sim$5,100-8,700 km s$^{-1}$, slightly higher than the typical speed of the forward shock. Additionally, we find flux variations (both increasing and decreasing) on timescales of a few years in some of the inward-moving shock filaments. The rapid variability timescales are consistent with an amplified magnetic field of $B \sim$ 0.5-1 mG. The high speed and low photon cut-off energy of the inward-moving shocks are shown to imply a particle diffusion coefficient that departs from the Bohm regime ($k_0 = D_0/D_{\rm 0,Bohm} \sim$ 3-8) for the few simple physical configurations we consider in this study. The maximum electron energy at these shocks is estimated to be $\sim$8-11 TeV, smaller than the values of $\sim$15-34 TeV inferred for the forward shock. Cassiopeia A is dynamically too young for its reverse shock to appear to be moving inward in the observer frame. We propose instead that the inward-moving shocks are a consequence of the forward shock encountering a density jump of $\gtrsim$ 5-8 in the surrounding material.

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