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arXiv 1710.05005physics.chem-phcond-mat.mtrl-sci
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原子尺度液体结构溶剂化的第一性原理自由能理论

First Principles Free-Energy Theory of Solvation with Atomic Scale Liquid Structure

Kendra Letchworth-Weaver, Ravishankar Sundararaman, T. A. Arias

摘要:

液体环境中的量子化学过程影响了从分子生物学到地质学再到电化学的广泛科学领域。虽然密度泛函理论(DFT)已经实现了有效的量子力学计算,深刻影响了对原子尺度现象的理解,但液体的现实描述仍然是一个挑战。在这里,我们提出了一种基于联合密度泛函理论(JDFT)的方法,它解决了这一挑战,利用DFT方法不仅为溶质中的电子的量子力学,但同时也为周围的平衡液体溶剂中的分子的统计力学。具体来说,我们开发了一个新的通用描述的电子与任意液体的相互作用,提供了缺失的环节,最终将JDFT转化为一个实用的工具,在溶液中的化学过程的现实描述。这种方法预测准确的溶剂化自由能和周围的原子尺度的液体结构的分子和表面在多种溶剂中没有改装,所有的计算成本的一小部分的方法的可比细节和准确性。为了证明这种方法的潜在影响,我们确定了固/液界面的结构,提供了令人信服的协议与更准确的(但更计算密集)的理论和X射线反射率测量。

英文摘要:

Quantum-chemical processes in liquid environments impact broad areas of science, from molecular biology to geology to electrochemistry. While density-functional theory (DFT) has enabled efficient quantum-mechanical calculations which profoundly impact understanding of atomic-scale phenomena, realistic description of the liquid remains a challenge. Here, we present an approach based on joint density-functional theory (JDFT) which addresses this challenge by leveraging the DFT approach not only for the quantum mechanics of the electrons in a solute, but also simultaneously for the statistical mechanics of the molecules in a surrounding equilibrium liquid solvent. Specifically, we develop a new universal description for the interaction of electrons with an arbitrary liquid, providing the missing link to finally transform JDFT into a practical tool for the realistic description of chemical processes in solution. This approach predicts accurate solvation free energies and surrounding atomic-scale liquid structure for molecules and surfaces in multiple solvents without refitting, all at a fraction of the computational cost of methods of comparable detail and accuracy. To demonstrate the potential impact of this method, we determine the structure of the solid/liquid interface, offering compelling agreement with more accurate (but much more computationally intensive) theories and with X-ray reflectivity measurements.

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