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arXiv 1710.01320astro-ph.GA
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Milky Way外环由什么材料制成?遥远红巨星的高分辨光谱学

What is the Milky Way outer halo made of? High resolution spectroscopy of distant red giants

G. Battaglia, P. North, P. Jablonka, M. Shetrone, D. Minniti, M. Díaz, E. Starkenburg, M. Savoy

摘要:

在星系等级形成的框架中,扩展的恒星晕被预测为类银河系星系周围普遍存在的特征,主要由较小星系系统的恒星碎片组成。吸积恒星系统的类型预计会根据特定星系的特定吸积和合并历史而变化,原位形成的恒星与吸积恒星的比例也是如此。分析大银心半径的银河系晕星的化学性质可以提供重要的洞察力,了解有助于银河系不同区域恒星晕形成的恒星的环境特性。在这项工作中,我们专注于银河系恒星晕的外部区域,通过确定化学丰度的晕星与大的现代银河系中心的距离,$>$ 15千秒差距。我们获得的数据集包括28颗红巨星分支星的高分辨率HET/HRS、Magellan/MIKE和VLT/UVES光谱,它们覆盖了宽的金属丰度范围,$-3.1 \lesssim$ [Fe/H] $\lesssim -0.6$。我们表明,$α$ -元素的比例超过Fe作为[Fe/H]的函数,我们的外晕星的样本是没有什么不同的模式所示的MW晕星从太阳附近的样本。另一方面,当考虑化学丰度比如[Ba/Fe]、[Na/Fe]、[Ni/Fe]、[Eu/Fe]、[Ba/Y]时,在[Fe/H] $\gtrsim -1.5$处出现显著差异。定性而言,这种类型的化学丰度趋势在大质量矮星系中观察到,如人马座和大麦云云。这似乎表明了一个更大的贡献外晕的恒星形成的环境中具有高初始恒星形成率和已经污染的渐近巨星分支恒星相对于内晕样品。

英文摘要:

In a framework where galaxies form hierarchically, extended stellar haloes are predicted to be an ubiquitous feature around Milky Way-like galaxies and to consist mainly of the shredded stellar component of smaller galactic systems. The type of accreted stellar systems are expected to vary according to the specific accretion and merging history of a given galaxy, and so is the fraction of stars formed in-situ versus accreted. Analysis of the chemical properties of Milky Way halo stars out to large Galactocentric radii can provide important insights into the properties of the environment in which the stars that contributed to the build-up of different regions of the Milky Way stellar halo formed. In this work we focus on the outer regions of the Milky Way stellar halo, by determining chemical abundances of halo stars with large present-day Galactocentric distances, $>$15 kpc. The data-set we acquired consists of high resolution HET/HRS, Magellan/MIKE and VLT/UVES spectra for 28 red giant branch stars covering a wide metallicity range, $-3.1 \lesssim$[Fe/H]$\lesssim -0.6$. We show that the ratio of $α$-elements over Fe as a function of [Fe/H] for our sample of outer halo stars is not dissimilar from the pattern shown by MW halo stars from solar neighborhood samples. On the other hand, significant differences appear at [Fe/H]$\gtrsim -1.5$ when considering chemical abundance ratios such as [Ba/Fe], [Na/Fe], [Ni/Fe], [Eu/Fe], [Ba/Y]. Qualitatively, this type of chemical abundance trends are observed in massive dwarf galaxies, such as Sagittarius and the Large Magellanic Cloud. This appears to suggest a larger contribution in the outer halo of stars formed in an environment with high initial star formation rate and already polluted by asymptotic giant branch stars with respect to inner halo samples.

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