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arXiv 1709.10065cs.GT
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评分规则市场的公理化研究

An Axiomatic Study of Scoring Rule Markets

Rafael Frongillo, Bo Waggoner

摘要:

在预测是未来随机变量的概率或期望的情况下,预测市场得到了很好的研究。在2008年,Lambert等人提出了一种推广,我们称之为“评分规则市场”(SRM),其中交易者预测随机变量的任意统计值,前提是这些统计值可以通过评分规则得出。令人惊讶的是,尽管最近对预测市场的研究很活跃,但还没有对更一般的SRM的性质进行任何调查。为了开展这项研究,我们提出以下问题:在什么意义上,供应链管理是“市场”?我们根据几个公理对SRM进行分类,这些公理捕捉了市场潜在的理想品质,例如自由交换商品(合同)的能力。并不是所有的SRM都满足我们的公理:一旦在任何市场上购买了一份合约来预测某个变量的中位数,就不一定有任何方法可以将该合约卖回,即使是在非常弱的意义上。我们的主要结果是一个特征,表明轻微的推广成本函数为基础的市场是唯一的市场,以满足我们所有的公理有限结果的随机变量。尽管如此,我们发现,几个SRM满足我们的公理较弱的版本,包括一个新的基于份额的市场机制的期望值的比率。

英文摘要:

Prediction markets are well-studied in the case where predictions are probabilities or expectations of future random variables. In 2008, Lambert, et al. proposed a generalization, which we call "scoring rule markets" (SRMs), in which traders predict the value of arbitrary statistics of the random variables, provided these statistics can be elicited by a scoring rule. Surprisingly, despite active recent work on prediction markets, there has not yet been any investigation into the properties of more general SRMs. To initiate such a study, we ask the following question: in what sense are SRMs "markets"? We classify SRMs according to several axioms that capture potentially desirable qualities of a market, such as the ability to freely exchange goods (contracts) for money. Not all SRMs satisfy our axioms: once a contract is purchased in any market for prediction the median of some variable, there will not necessarily be any way to sell that contract back, even in a very weak sense. Our main result is a characterization showing that slight generalizations of cost-function-based markets are the only markets to satisfy all of our axioms for finite-outcome random variables. Nonetheless, we find that several SRMs satisfy weaker versions of our axioms, including a novel share-based market mechanism for ratios of expected values.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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