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arXiv 1709.09797astro-ph.SR
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M型AGB星周围硅酸盐尘埃的层析成像I.基于动态模型的诊断

Tomography of silicate dust around M-type AGB stars I. Diagnostics based on dynamical models

S. Bladh, C. Paladini, S. Höfner, B. Aringer

摘要:

在演化的渐近巨星分支恒星中观察到的大量质量损失通常归因于两个步骤的过程:由脉冲诱导的冲击波引起的大气悬浮,然后是新形成的尘埃颗粒的辐射加速。详细的风模型表明,M型AGB星的外流可能是由光子散射在无铁硅酸盐颗粒大小约为0.1 - 1 $μ$ m。由于晶粒温度较低,这些不含铁的硅酸盐可以在恒星附近凝聚,但它们不会产生在M型AGB恒星中经常观察到的中红外特征。然而,很可能硅酸盐颗粒在远离恒星的过程中逐渐富含铁,达到一定程度,颗粒温度保持在升华温度以下,但足够高以产生发射特征。我们调查是否在内部风区,这是相关的粮食成分的变化,粮食温度的差异,可以检测到与目前的干涉技术,以把约束风机制。为了研究这一点,我们使用径向结构的大气和风的M型AGB星,产生的一维辐射流体动力学代码达尔文。光谱能量分布被发现是一个穷人的指标不同的温度分布,因此是不是一个很好的工具,用于区分不同的情况下,不断变化的谷物成分。然而,空间分辨干涉观测具有很大的潜力。它们甚至显示了不含铁的硅酸盐(在2-3个恒星半径处发现)的特征,与光谱能量分布相反。观测基线探测的空间尺度约为4个恒星半径及以上,适合于追踪颗粒成分的变化,因为这是铁富集的影响应该被发现的地方。

英文摘要:

The heavy mass loss observed in evolved asymptotic giant branch stars is usually attributed to a two-step process: atmospheric levitation by pulsation-induced shock waves, followed by radiative acceleration of newly formed dust grains. Detailed wind models suggest that the outflows of M-type AGB stars may be triggered by photon scattering on Fe-free silicates with grain sizes of about 0.1 - 1 $μ$m. Due to the low grain temperature, these Fe-free silicates can condense close to the star, but they do not produce the characteristic mid-IR features that are often observed in M-type AGB stars. However, it is probable that the silicate grains are gradually enriched with Fe as they move away from the star, to a degree where the grain temperature stays below the sublimation temperature, but is high enough to produce emission features. We investigate whether differences in grain temperature in the inner wind region, which are related to changes in the grain composition, can be detected with current interferometric techniques, in order to put constraints on the wind mechanism. To investigate this we use radial structures of the atmosphere and wind of an M-type AGB star, produced with the 1D radiation-hydrodynamical code DARWIN. The spectral energy distribution is found to be a poor indicator of different temperature profiles and therefore is not a good tool for distinguishing different scenarios of changing grain composition. However, spatially resolved interferometric observations have promising potential. They show signatures even for Fe-free silicates (found at 2-3 stellar radii), in contrast to the spectral energy distribution. Observations with baselines that probe spatial scales of about 4 stellar radii and beyond are suitable for tracing changes in grain composition, since this is where effects of Fe enrichment should be found.

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