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arXiv 1503.04765astro-ph.SR
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W Hya的尘土飞扬的风当前和最近质量损失的多波长模拟

Dusty wind of W Hya. Multi-wavelength modelling of the present-day and recent mass-loss

T. Khouri, L. B. F. M. Waters, A. de Koter, L. Decin, M. Min, B. L. de Vries, R. Lombaert, N. L. J. Cox

摘要:

低质量和中等质量的恒星在生命的尽头会经历一段强烈的质量损失,这个阶段被称为渐近巨星分支(AGB)。在AGB期间,它们的初始质量的很大一部分被驱逐出恒星风。这个过程控制着它们演化的最后阶段,并有助于星系的化学演化。然而,AGB星的风驱动机制尚未得到很好的理解,特别是对于富氧源。表征当今的质量损失和风结构以及这些恒星的质量损失率的演变对于推进我们对这一过程的理解至关重要。我们使用先进的辐射转移代码模拟了W Hya的尘埃包络。尘埃模型进行了分析,在以前计算的气相风模型的光,并在文献中,如红外光谱,红外图像,光学散射光分数的测量进行比较。我们发现,W Hya的尘埃光谱可以部分地解释由一个引力约束的尘埃壳,可能是负责大部分的无定形铝$_2$ O $_3$发射。解释散射光所需的大颗粒($\sim$\,0.3\,$μ$ m)的组成无法受到限制,但可能以硅酸盐为主。硅酸盐发射的热红外线被发现起源于超过40天文单位的恒星,我们发现,他们需要有大量的近红外不透明度,在这样大的距离可见。在这些距离的尘埃的近红外不透明度的增加大致符合膨胀速度的突然增加,从气相CO线推断。最后,W Hya最近的质量损失被证实是高度可变的,我们确定了一个强大的峰值,发生在大约3500年前,持续了几百年的质量损失率。

英文摘要:

Low- and intermediate-mass stars go through a period of intense mass-loss at the end of their lives in a phase known as the asymptotic giant branch (AGB). During the AGB a significant fraction of their initial mass is expelled in a stellar wind. This process controls the final stages of their evolution and contributes to the chemical evolution of galaxies. However, the wind-driving mechanism of AGB stars is not yet well understood, especially so for oxygen-rich sources. Characterizing both the present-day mass-loss and wind structure and the evolution of the mass-loss rate of such stars is paramount to advancing our understanding of this processes. We modelled the dust envelope of W Hya using an advanced radiative transfer code. The dust model was analysed in the light of a previously calculated gas-phase wind model and compared to measurements available in the literature, such as infrared spectra, infrared images, and optical scattered light fractions. We find that the dust spectrum of W Hya can partly be explained by a gravitationally bound dust shell that probably is responsible for most of the amorphous Al$_2$O$_3$ emission. The composition of the large ($\sim$\,0.3\,$μ$m) grains needed to explain the scattered light cannot be constrained, but probably is dominated by silicates. Silicate emission in the thermal infrared was found to originate from beyond 40 AU from the star and we find that they need to have substantial near-infrared opacities to be visible at such large distances. The increase in near-infrared opacity of the dust at these distances roughly coincides with a sudden increase in expansion velocity as deduced from the gas-phase CO lines. Finally, the recent mass loss of W Hya is confirmed to be highly variable and we identify a strong peak in the mass-loss rate that occurred about 3500 years ago and lasted for a few hundred years.

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