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arXiv 1709.09677quant-ph
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单光子的量子功

Quantum work by a single photon

D. Valente, F. Brito, R. Ferreira, T. Werlang

备注：
5+2 pages. In addition to new results, a quantum optical point-of-view is put forward to the physical process analyzed in arXiv:1604.06183
发表信息：
Optics Letters Vol. 43, Issue 11, pp. 2644-2647 (2018)
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摘要：

经典电磁场对量子偶极子所做的功在量子光学中是众所周知的。在这种情况下，吸收功率线性地依赖于平均偶极矩的时间导数。然而，下面的问题仍然没有答案：由单光子态组成的最基本的电磁脉冲能对量子偶极子做功吗？事实上，在这种情况下，平均量子偶极矩恰好为零。在本文中，我们提出了一种方法，积极回答这个问题，通过结合量子机和开放量子系统领域的技术。量子功在这里被定义为对量子偶极子能量变化的么正贡献。我们表明，这种量子功对应于光子脉冲动态斯塔克移动偶极所花费的能量。对偶极子能量的非幺正贡献在这里被定义为广义量子热。我们表明，这种广义的量子热是对应于非平衡光子吸收和发射的能量。最后，我们揭示了单光子和低强度相干场的量子功与广义量子热之间的联系。

英文摘要：

The work performed by a classical electromagnetic field on a quantum dipole is well known in quantum optics. The absorbed power linearly depends on the time derivative of the average dipole moment, in that case. The following problem, however, still lacks an answer: can the most elementary electromagnetic pulse, consisting of a single-photon state, perform work on a quantum dipole? As a matter of fact, the average quantum dipole moment exactly vanishes in such a scenario. In this paper, we present a method that positively answers to this question, by combining techniques from the fields of quantum machines and open quantum systems. Quantum work here is defined as the unitary contribution to the energy variation of the quantum dipole. We show that this quantum work corresponds to the energy spent by the photon pulse to dynamically Stark shift the dipole. The non-unitary contribution to the dipole energy is defined here as a generalized quantum heat. We show that this generalized quantum heat is the energy corresponding to out-of-equilibrium photon absorption and emission. Finally, we reveal connexions between the quantum work and the generalized quantum heat transferred by a single photon and those by a low-intensity coherent field.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。

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