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arXiv 1709.09172astro-ph.GA
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在低质量早型星系中探测到增强的中心质光比:黑洞的证据?

Detection of Enhanced Central Mass-to-Light Ratios in Low-Mass Early-Type Galaxies: Evidence for Black Holes?

Renuka Pechetti, Anil Seth, Michele Cappellari, Richard McDermid, Mark den Brok, Steffen Mieske, Jay Strader

摘要:

本文对27个低质量早型ATLAS $^{3D}$星系的中心质光比($M/L$)进行了动态测量。在我们的分析中,我们考虑了所有具有9.7 $<$ log(M $_\star/$ M $_\odot)$ $<$ 10.5)的ATLAS $^{3D}$星系,选择出具有可用的高分辨率哈勃太空望远镜(HST)数据的星系,并排除具有显著中心颜色梯度或明显尘埃特征的星系。我们使用HST图像推导出这些星系的质量模型,并将其与ATLAS $^{3D}$数据的中心速度色散值结合起来,以获得中心动力学$M/L$估计。这些中心动力学$M/L$ s高于$\sim$ 80\%的星系中心的动力学$M/L$ s,中值增强为$\sim$ 14\%,统计显著性为3.3 $σ$。我们发现,在中央$M/L$的增强是最好的描述,无论是在这些星系中的黑洞的存在下,或径向IMF的变化。在黑洞模型的假设下,我们导出了星系样本的黑洞质量。在NGC 4458和NGC 4660这两个星系中,数据显示出明显过大的黑洞,而在大多数其他星系中,只获得了上限。我们还表明,我们在这些早期类型的星系核中看到的$M/L$增强的水平与超紧凑矮星系(UCD)中看到的较大增强一致,支持大规模UCD是通过剥离这些质量的星系而产生的。

英文摘要:

We present dynamical measurements of the central mass-to-light ratio ($M/L$) of a sample of 27 low-mass early-type ATLAS$^{3D}$ galaxies. We consider all ATLAS$^{3D}$ galaxies with 9.7$<$log(M$_\star/$M$_\odot)$$<$10.5 in our analysis, selecting out galaxies with available high-resolution Hubble Space Telescope (HST) data, and eliminating galaxies with significant central color gradients or obvious dust features. We use the HST images to derive mass models for these galaxies and combine these with the central velocity dispersion values from ATLAS$^{3D}$ data to obtain a central dynamical $M/L$ estimate. These central dynamical $M/L$s are higher than dynamical $M/L$s derived at larger radii and stellar population estimates of the galaxy centers in $\sim$80\% of galaxies, with a median enhancement of $\sim$14\% and a statistical significance of 3.3$σ$. We show that the enhancement in the central $M/L$ is best described either by the presence of black holes in these galaxies or by radial IMF variations. Assuming a black hole model, we derive black hole masses for the sample of galaxies. In two galaxies, NGC 4458 and NGC 4660, the data suggests significantly over-massive BHs, while in most others only upper limits are obtained. We also show that the level of $M/L$ enhancements we see in these early-type galaxy nuclei are consistent with the larger enhancements seen in ultracompact dwarf galaxies (UCDs), supporting the scenario where massive UCDs are created by stripping galaxies of these masses.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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