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arXiv 1709.07009astro-ph.GA
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原星系团中的星系演化

Galaxy evolution in protoclusters

Stuart I. Muldrew, Nina A. Hatch, Elizabeth A. Cooke

摘要:

我们研究星系演化的原星系团使用半解析模型应用到千年模拟,缩放到普朗克宇宙学。我们表明,该模型再现了所观察到的行为的恒星形成历史(SFH)在原星团和字段。恒星形成的速率在原星团中比在现场更早达到峰值$\sim0.7\,{\rm Gyr}$,之后下降得更快。这导致原团星系的形成时间明显提前:它们80%的恒星质量已经由$z=1.4$形成,但此时只有45%的场恒星质量已经形成。该模型预测,场和原星系团在$z>3$有类似的平均比恒星形成率(sSFR),我们发现的证据,在早期密集的原星系团的恒星形成的增强。在$z<3$,原团簇具有较低的sSFR,导致SFH之间的差异。我们表明,恒星质量函数的原星系团是头重脚轻的领域相比,由于早期形成的大质量星系,和分裂和合并的低质量卫星星系的主晕。不同的SFH和质量函数的根本原因是暗物质晕是暗物质密度场的有偏示踪剂:原星系团中高密度的晕和头重脚轻的晕质量函数导致星系早期形成,然后迅速合并和猝灭。我们比较我们的结果与文献中的观测,并强调哪些观测提供了最翔实的测试星系形成。

英文摘要:

We investigate galaxy evolution in protoclusters using a semi-analytic model applied to the Millennium Simulation, scaled to a Planck cosmology. We show that the model reproduces the observed behaviour of the star formation history (SFH) both in protoclusters and the field. The rate of star formation peaks $\sim0.7\,{\rm Gyr}$ earlier in protoclusters than in the field and declines more rapidly afterwards. This results in protocluster galaxies forming significantly earlier: 80% of their stellar mass is already formed by $z=1.4$, but only 45% of the field stellar mass has formed by this time. The model predicts that field and protocluster galaxies have similar average specific star-formation rates (sSFR) at $z>3$, and we find evidence of an enhancement of star formation in the dense protoclusters at early times. At $z<3$, protoclusters have lower sSFRs, resulting in the disparity between the SFHs. We show that the stellar mass functions of protoclusters are top-heavy compared with the field due to the early formation of massive galaxies, and the disruption and merging of low-mass satellite galaxies in the main haloes. The fundamental cause of the different SFHs and mass functions is that dark matter haloes are biased tracers of the dark matter density field: the high density of haloes and the top-heavy halo mass function in protoclusters result in the early formation then rapid merging and quenching of galaxies. We compare our results with observations from the literature, and highlight which observables provide the most informative tests of galaxy formation.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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