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arXiv 1709.04099astro-ph.SR
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具有极弱磁场的白矮星的监测和建模

Monitoring and modelling of white dwarfs with extremely weak magnetic fields

J. D. Landstreet, S. Bagnulo, G. Valyavin, A. F. Valeev

摘要:

在百分之几的白矮星中检测到了磁场。目前已知的这种磁性白矮星的数量大约有几百颗。磁场强度从几公斤到几百毫克不等。几乎所有已知的磁性白矮星的平均场模都大于等于1 MG。我们正试图填补一个主要的空白,在低场限制(<= 200千吉)使用圆光谱偏振观测知识。在本文中,我们报告的发现和监测的强,周期性的磁变在两个以前发现的“超弱场”磁白矮星,WD 2047 +372和WD 2359 -434。WD 2047 +372的平均纵向场在-12到+15 kG之间反转,周期为0.243 d,而其平均场模量几乎恒定在60 kG。观测结果可以用偶极场相对于恒星自转轴的倾斜来解释。WD 2359 -434总是显示出一个弱的正纵向场,其值在0到+12 kG之间,仅随恒星旋转而微弱变化,而平均场模量在50到100 kG之间变化。旋转周期被发现是0.112 d使用的可变形状的H α线核心,与现有的测光。这颗恒星的磁场似乎比偶极子复杂得多,而且可能不是轴对称的。现有的测光表明,WD 2359 -434是一个光变量的振幅只有0.005马格,我们自己的测光表明,如果WD 2047 +372是光度可变的,振幅低于约0.01马格。这些是第一个模型的磁场低于约100千克的磁场白矮星的基础上,通过完整的恒星旋转的磁性测量。它们揭示了两种非常不同的磁表面结构,并且与简单的欧姆衰减理论相反,WD 2359 -434具有比年轻得多的WD 2047 +372更复杂的表面场。

英文摘要:

Magnetic fields are detected in a few percent of white dwarfs. The number of such magnetic white dwarfs known is now some hundreds. Fields range in strength from a few kG to several hundred MG. Almost all the known magnetic white dwarfs have a mean field modulus >= 1 MG. We are trying to fill a major gap in observational knowledge at the low field limit (<= 200 kG) using circular spectro-polarimetry. In this paper we report the discovery and monitoring of strong, periodic magnetic variability in two previously discovered "super-weak field" magnetic white dwarfs, WD2047+372 and WD2359-434. WD2047+372 has a mean longitudinal field that reverses between about -12 and +15 kG, with a period of 0.243 d, while its mean field modulus appears nearly constant at 60 kG. The observations can be intepreted in terms of a dipolar field tilted with respect to the stellar rotation axis. WD2359-434 always shows a weak positive longitudinal field with values between about 0 and +12 kG, varying only weakly with stellar rotation, while the mean field modulus varies between about 50 and 100 kG. The rotation period is found to be 0.112 d using the variable shape of the Halpha line core, consistent with available photometry. The field of this star appears to be much more complex than a dipole, and is probably not axisymmetric. Available photometry shows that WD2359-434 is a light variable with an amplitude of only 0.005 mag, our own photometry shows that if WD2047+372 is photometrically variable, the amplitude is below about 0.01 mag. These are the first models for magnetic white dwarfs with fields below about 100 kG based on magnetic measurements through the full stellar rotation. They reveal two very different magnetic surface configurations, and that, contrary to simple ohmic decay theory, WD2359-434 has a much more complex surface field than the much younger WD2047+372.

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