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arXiv 2209.06231astro-ph.SR
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宽轨道中动态形成的极低质量白矮星双星系统

Dynamically Forming Extremely Low-Mass White Dwarf Binaries in Wide Orbits

Ambreesh Khurana, Chirag Chawla, Sourav Chatterjee

AI总结:

针对KIC 8145411系统中宽轨道极低质量白矮星双星的观测挑战,提出星团内双星-双星强相互作用可拓宽EW轨道的机制,通过数值实验验证了双峰轨道周期分布,并估算了银河系内这类系统的形成速率。

摘要:

在KIC 8145411系统中,探测到一颗质量为0.2倍太阳质量的极低质量白矮星(EW)与一颗1.1倍太阳质量的主序星(MS)构成宽轨道双星,轨道周期约450天,这对当前关于EW形成机制的认知提出了挑战。传统的EW形成通道认为,EW由白矮星前身星通过质量转移形成,该过程预期会形成密近轨道的EW双星。事实上,大多数已知的EW都存在于密近双星中,轨道周期中位数约为5.4小时。通过数值散射实验,我们发现星团中的双星-双星强相互作用能够充分拓宽典型EW双星的轨道,从而解释KIC 8145411系统观测到的宽轨道特征。经双星-双星相互作用产生的EW双星,其轨道周期分布呈双峰模式:一个峰对应EW双星的初始轨道周期,另一个峰则位于约几百天的轨道周期附近,与KIC 8145411系统的轨道周期相近。我们还发现,同时被 ejected(弹出)星团的宽EW双星,其产生率在星团质量约为10^5倍太阳质量时达到峰值,速率约为10^{-3}每Gyr(吉年)。假设所有恒星中有50%形成于星团,且初始星团质量函数与质量的-2次方成正比,我们估算出银河系中宽EW双星的形成速率约为4.16×10^3每Gyr。

英文摘要:

The detection of a 0.2 Msun extremely low-mass white dwarf (EW) in a wide orbit (Porb about 450 days) with a 1.1 Msun main-sequence (MS) companion, KIC 8145411, challenges our current understanding of how EWs form. The traditional channel for EW formation, via mass transfer from the WD progenitor, is expected to form EW binaries in tight orbits. Indeed, the majority of known EWs are found in tight binaries with a median Porb about 5.4 hrs. Using numerical scattering experiments, we find that binary-binary strong encounters in star clusters can sufficiently widen the orbit of a typical EW binary, to explain the observed wide orbit of the KIC 8145411 system. The Porb distribution for EW binaries produced through binary-binary encounters is bimodal: one mode corresponds to the initial orbital period of the EW binary, while the other is near Porb about a few 100 days, similar to the orbital period of the KIC 8145411 system. We find that the production of wide EW binaries that are also ejected from the cluster peaks at a star cluster mass of about 10^5 Msun with a rate of about 10^{-3} Gyr^{-1}. Assuming that 50% of all stars form in star clusters and an initial cluster mass function proportional to m^{-2}, we estimate a galactic formation rate of about 4.16 x 10^3 Gyr^{-1} for wide EW binaries.

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