量子力学性质的机器学习(ML)显示出加速化学发现的希望。对于过渡金属化学,精确计算的计算成本很高,可用的训练数据集很小,分子表示成为ML模型预测准确性的关键因素。我们引入了一系列修正的自相关函数(RAC),这些自相关函数对启发式原子属性(例如,大小、连接性和电负性)。我们改变了标准AC中评估的数量的起点、范围和性质,以使这些RAC适合无机化学。在有机分子集上,我们首先展示了优于ML模型训练的其他现有拓扑描述符的标准AC性能,其中搁置测试分子的原子化能量的平均无符号误差(MUE)低至6 kcal/mol。对于无机化学,我们的RAC在自旋态分裂中在搁置的测试分子上产生1 kcal/mol ML MUE,与编码全分子结构信息的特征集相比,误差高15- 20倍。系统特征选择方法包括单变量滤波、递归特征消除和直接优化(例如,随机森林和LASSO)进行比较。比RAC-155小4- 5倍的随机森林或LASSO选择的子集产生亚至1 kcal/mol的自旋分裂MUE,具有良好的可转移性,可用于金属配体键长预测(0.004-5 eV MUE)和较小数据集上的氧化还原电位(0.2-0.3 eV MUE)。跨属性集的特征选择结果的评估揭示了本地电子描述符(例如,电负性、原子序数)以及氧化还原电位和键长中的远端、空间效应。
英文摘要:
Machine learning (ML) of quantum mechanical properties shows promise for accelerating chemical discovery. For transition metal chemistry where accurate calculations are computationally costly and available training data sets are small, the molecular representation becomes a critical ingredient in ML model predictive accuracy. We introduce a series of revised autocorrelation functions (RACs) that encode relationships between the heuristic atomic properties (e.g., size, connectivity, and electronegativity) on a molecular graph. We alter the starting point, scope, and nature of the quantities evaluated in standard ACs to make these RACs amenable to inorganic chemistry. On an organic molecule set, we first demonstrate superior standard AC performance to other presently-available topological descriptors for ML model training, with mean unsigned errors (MUEs) for atomization energies on set-aside test molecules as low as 6 kcal/mol. For inorganic chemistry, our RACs yield 1 kcal/mol ML MUEs on set-aside test molecules in spin-state splitting in comparison to 15-20x higher errors from feature sets that encode whole-molecule structural information. Systematic feature selection methods including univariate filtering, recursive feature elimination, and direct optimization (e.g., random forest and LASSO) are compared. Random-forest- or LASSO-selected subsets 4-5x smaller than RAC-155 produce sub- to 1-kcal/mol spin-splitting MUEs, with good transferability to metal-ligand bond length prediction (0.004-5 Å MUE) and redox potential on a smaller data set (0.2-0.3 eV MUE). Evaluation of feature selection results across property sets reveals the relative importance of local, electronic descriptors (e.g., electronegativity, atomic number) in spin-splitting and distal, steric effects in redox potential and bond lengths.
Chemical Migration and Dipole Formation at van der Waals Interfaces between Magnetic Transition Metal Chalcogenides and Topological Insulators
金属和磁性覆盖层通过邻近效应而且通过改变Bi $_2$ Se $_3$子表面的组成和化学结构来改变拓扑绝缘体(TI)硒化铋(Bi $_2$ Se $_3$)的表面。采用X射线光电子能谱学(XPS)研究了Bi $_2$ Se $_3$和Mn金属或硒化锰之间的界面,揭示了界面处的化学和电子变化。在没有外部Se源的情况下,在Bi $_2$ Se $_3$上沉积Mn金属显示出由于Mn-Se键合而在Mn层内的意外键合,因为Se从Bi $_2$ Se $_3$层扩散到生长的Mn膜中。Se向外扩散进一步通过Bi $_2$ Se $_3$层内Bi核心能级的变化来证明,这表明主要是Bi-Bi键合超过Bi-Se键合。当过量的Se与Mn一起供应时,没有发生Se的外扩散,这表明为沉积的金属提供足够的硫族元素原子的重要性。然而,Bi $_2$ Se $_3$核心水平光电子表现出刚性化学位移朝向更高的结合能后,沉积单层的MnSe $_{2-x}$,表明在覆盖层内的偶极子。化学计量计算表明,单层形成MnSe优先于过渡金属二硫属化物(TMD)相MnSe $_2$,提供了一致的图片的偶极子形成中,一个平面的Se阴离子位于Mn阳离子。这项研究表明,化学扩散和偶极子的形成是很重要的Mn-Bi $_2$ Se $_3$和MnSe $_{2-x}$ -Bi $_2$ Se $_3$和TMD/TI接口更普遍应仔细考虑。
Classification of Metal - Insulator Transitions: Relating characteristic Properties to Quantum Chemical Bonding Descriptors
RWTH Aachen University(亚琛工业大学);John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University(哈佛大学约翰·A·保尔森工程与应用科学学院);School of Advanced Materials JNCASR(JNCASR高级材料学院);Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH(于利希研究中心有限公司)