The $Θ_{eff}/Θ_{rig}$ parameter of the spin distribution of the level density was determined for 61 nuclei covering the mass range of 44 to 200. The experimental isomeric cross-section ratios for 25 isomeric pairs were compared with the model calculation to find the best fit to the experimental data. The model calculations were carried out with the TALYS code using the BSFG model for the level density. The reduced $χ^2$ values were calculated to describe the deviation of the experimental data from the model calculation. An $η_d $ was introduced calculating the $Θ_{eff}/Θ_{rig}$ value from the low energy discrete levels of the nucleus. The $η/η_d $ values seem to be independent of the mass number, their average value near to one. The $η/η_d $ values also seem to be independent of the average excitation energy in the continuum, indicating that $η$ is independent of the excitation energy. The mass number and (N-Z) dependence of the $η$ values were studied. The $η$ values for the nuclei with odd mass number show an exponential decrease as a function of A or (N-Z). The $η$ values for the odd-odd type of nuclei appear to be constant, near one, up to the mass number 110 or (N-Z) of 13. Above these values, the $η$ values show exponential decrease. The $η$ values for even-even type nuclei decrease exponentially up to A equal to 142 or (N-Z) equal to 20. The values are lower than those for the nearby odd-odd type nuclei. The $η$ values increase for nuclei with A between 142 and 156 and (N-Z) between 20 and 28, and they finally reach the value of odd-odd type systematics.
The results of experimental studies of the low-energy isomeric state in the $^{229}$Th nucleus are presented. The work is consisted of several stages. During the first stage $^{229}$Th nuclei were excited with the inverse internal conversion to the low-lying isomeric level in plasma that was formed by laser pulse at the $^{229}$Th-containing target surface. Then thorium ions having excited nuclei were extracted from the plasma by an external electrical field and implanted into thin SiO$_2$ film grown on a silicon substrate (that is a dielectric material with about 9 eV band-gap). Gamma decay o…
Observation of a dominant $\boldsymbol{0f_{7/2}}$ neutron configuration in the $\boldsymbol{^{32}}$Si $\boldsymbol{J^π=5^-}$ isomeric state
Argonne National Laboratory（阿贡国家实验室）；Louisiana State University（路易斯安那州立大学）；Southern University of Science and Technology（南方科技大学）；University of Notre Dame（圣母大学）；Oak Ridge National Laboratory（橡树岭国家实验室）；North Carolina A&T State University（北卡罗来纳农业与州立大学）；University of Wisconsin - La Crosse（威斯康星大学拉克罗斯分校）；Texas A&M University（德克萨斯农工大学）
Long-standing problem: The nuclear level density angular-momentum dependence and isomeric data assessment
Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH)（霍里亚·胡鲁贝伊核物理与核工程国家研究所）；Nuclear Physics Institute (NPI) CAS（捷克科学院核物理研究所）；Grand Accélérateur National d’Ions Lourds, CEA/DRF—CNRS/IN2P3 (GANIL)（大型重离子加速器）
Inspired by the newly discovered isomeric states in the rare-earth neutron-rich nuclei, high-$K$ isomeric states in neutron-rich samarium and gadolinium isotopes are investigated within the framework of the cranked shell model (CSM) with pairing correlation treated by a particle-number-conserving (PNC) method. The experimental multi-particle state energies and moments of inertia are reproduced quite well by the PNC-CSM calculations. A remarkable effect from the high-order deformation $\varepsilon_{6}$ is demonstrated. Based on the occupation probabilities, the configurations are assigned to th…
Nuclear excitation cross section of $^{229}$Th from the ground state to the low-lying isomeric state via inelastic electron scattering is calculated, on the level of Dirac distorted wave Born approximation. With electron energies below 100 eV, inelastic scattering is very efficient in the isomeric excitation, yielding excitation cross sections on the order of 10$^{-27}$ to 10$^{-26}$ cm$^2$. Systematic analyses are presented on elements affecting the excitation cross section, including the ion-core potential, the relativistic effect, the knowledge of the reduced nuclear transition probabilitie…
Probing the two-quasiparticle $K^π=8^+$ isomeric structure and enhanced stability in the proton drip-line nuclei
School of Physics, Zhengzhou University（郑州大学物理学院）；Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院近代物理研究所高精度核谱学重点实验室）；School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学核科学与技术学院）
$α$ decay is usually associated with both ground and low-lying isomeric states of heavy and superheavy nuclei, and the unpaired nucleon plays a key role on $α$ decay. In this work, we systematically studied the $α$ decay half-lives of odd-$A$ nuclei, including both favored and unfavored $α$ decay within the two-potential approach based on the isospin dependent nuclear potential. The $α$ preformation probabilities are estimated by using an analytic formula taking into account the shell structure and proton-neutron correlation, and the parameters are obtained through the $α$ decay half-lives dat…
Hyperfine-resolved laser excitation and detection of nuclear isomer in trapped $^{229}$Th$^{3+}$ ions
Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院理论物理研究所）；Center for Photonic Quantum Precision Measurement, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology（北京理工大学前沿交叉科学研究院光子量子精密测量中心）；Beijing Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Environment Characteristics and Effects for Near-space（北京理工大学临近空间环境特性与效应省部共建国家重点实验室）；Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz（美因茨约翰内斯·古腾堡大学）；Beijing Computational Science Research Center（北京计算科学研究中心）；School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学物理科学学院）；School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学核科学与技术学院）
Excitation of the anomalously low lying nuclear isomer $^{229m}$Th$(3/2^+, 8.28 \pm 0.17$ eV) in the process of inelastic electron scattering is studied theoretically in the framework of the perturbation theory for the quantum electrodynamics. The calculated cross sections of $^{229m}$Th by the extremely low energy electrons in the range 9 eV--12 eV for the Th atom and Th$^{1+,4+}$ ions lie in the range $10^{-25}$--$10^{-26}$ cm$^2$. Being so large, the cross section opens up new possibilities for the effective non-resonant excitation of $^{229m}$Th in experiments with an electron beam or elec…
We aim to study the properties of nuclei in the south region of $^{208}$Pb systematically, including the binding and excitation energies and electromagnetic properties, in order to predict unknown properties of these nuclei, such as isomerism, utilizing a theoretical model which describes the experimentally known properties precisely. We also address whether the $N=126$ shell closure is robust or not when the proton number decreases from $^{208}$Pb. We performed large-scale shell-model calculations with a new Hamiltonian suggested in the present work. The model space is taken as the five proto…
Deformed shell model (DSM) based on Hartree-Fock intrinsic states is applied to address two current problems of interest. Firstly, in the $f_{5/2}pg_{9/2}$ model space with jj44b effective interaction along with isospin projection, DSM is used to describe the structure of the recently observed low-lying $T=0$ and $T=1$ bands in the heavy odd-odd N=Z nucleus $^{66}$As. DSM results are close to the data and also to the shell model results. For the $T=1$ band, DSM predicts structural change at $8^+$ just as in the shell model. In addition, the lowest two $T=0$ bands are found to have quasi-deuter…
Results of a comprehensive shell model (SM) analyses, within the full $f_{5/2}pg_{9/2}$ model space, of the recently available experimental data [P. Ruotsalainen et al., Phy. Rec. C {88}, 024320 (2013)] with four $T=0$ bands and one $T=1$ band in the odd-odd $N=Z$ nucleus $^{66}$As are presented. The calculations are performed using jj44b effective interaction developed recently by B.A. Brown and A.F. Lisetskiy for this model space. For the lowest two $T=0$ bands and the $T=1$ band, the results are in reasonable agreement with experimental data and deformed shell model is used to identify thei…
Background: Fission barriers of actinide nuclei have been mostly and for long been microscopi- cally calculated for even-even fissioning systems. Calculations in the case of odd nuclei have been performed merely within a so-called equal-filling approximation (EFA) as opposed to an approach taking explicitly into account the time reversal breaking properties at the mean field level- and for only one single-particle configuration. Purpose: We study the dependence of the fission barriers on various relevant configurations (e.g. to evaluate the so-called specialization energy). Besides, we want to…
