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arXiv 1708.03097cs.GT
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规模可互换投标人的近似福利和收入最大化均衡

On Approximate Welfare- and Revenue-Maximizing Equilibria for Size-Interchangeable Bidders

Enrique Areyan Viqueira, Amy Greenwald, Victor Naroditskiy

摘要:

在瓦尔拉斯均衡(WE)中,所有投标人都是无嫉妒的(EF),这意味着他们的分配使他们的效用最大化;市场出清(MC),这意味着未分配商品的价格为零。EF是确保市场长期生存的理想选择。MC确保需求满足供应。作为WE一部分的任何分配也是福利最大化的;然而,它不一定是收入最大化的。此外,我们不需要存在,例如,在市场上,投标人有组合估值。同时解决存在和低收入的传统方法是放松MC条件,而不是要求未分配商品的价格为某个正的底价。由此产生的解决方案概念,称为无嫉妒定价(EFP),已经在一些特殊情况下进行了研究,例如,一心一意的投标人。在本文中,我们更进一步,我们放宽EF以及MC。我们建议放宽EF条件,只有赢家是羡慕免费的,并进一步放宽MC条件,使未分配的商品的价格至少在储备。我们将这种新的解决方案概念称为限制性无嫉妒定价(REFP)。我们调查REFP需要一心一意的投标人,并表明,大小可互换的投标人(本文介绍的一根筋),我们可以计算REFP在多项式时间,给定一个固定的分配。在EFP的研究中,我们仍然对最大化卖方收入感兴趣。人们可以先求解出一个考虑保留价格的分配方案,然后再求解出一组相应的支持价格,每一个价格都至少是保留价格,而不是计算出一个同时产生分配方案和相应价格的结果。这两步过程在EFP的情况下失败了,因为给定一个固定的分配,没有嫉妒的价格不需要存在。然而,受限制的无嫉妒价格总是存在的......

英文摘要:

In a Walrasian equilibrium (WE), all bidders are envy-free (EF), meaning that their allocation maximizes their utility; and the market clears (MC), meaning that the price of unallocated goods is zero. EF is desirable to ensure the long-term viability of the market. MC ensures that demand meets supply. Any allocation that is part of a WE is also welfare-maximizing; however, it need not be revenue-maximizing. Furthermore, WE need not exist, e.g., in markets where bidders have combinatorial valuations. The traditional approach to simultaneously addressing both existence and low revenue is to relax the MC condition and instead require the price of unallocated goods be some, positive reserve price. The resulting solution concept, known as Envy-Free Pricing (EFP), has been studied in some special cases, e.g., single-minded bidders. In this paper, we go one step further; we relax EF as well as MC. We propose a relaxation of the EF condition where only winners are envy-free, and further relax the MC condition so that unallocated goods are priced at least at the reserve. We call this new solution concept Restricted Envy-Free Pricing (REFP). We investigate what REFP entails for single-minded bidders, and show that for size-interchangeable bidders (a generalization of single-minded introduced in this paper) we can compute a REFP in polynomial time, given a fixed allocation. As in the study of EFP, we remain interested in maximizing seller revenue. Instead of computing an outcome that simultaneously yields an allocation and corresponding prices, one could first solve for an allocation that respects a reserve price, and then solve for a corresponding set of supporting prices, each one at least the reserve. This two-step process fails in the case of EFP since, given a fixed allocation, envy-free prices need not exist. However, restricted envy-free prices always exist...

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