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arXiv 1708.02591astro-ph.SRastro-ph.GA
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大气冷却对棕矮星垂直速度色散和密度分布的影响

The Effect of Atmospheric Cooling on the Vertical Velocity Dispersion and Density Distribution of Brown Dwarfs

Russell E. Ryan, Paul A. Thorman, Sarah J. Schmidt, Seth H. Cohen, Nimish P. Hathi, Benne W. Holwerda, Jonathan I. Lunine, Nor Pirzkal, Rogier A. Windhorst, Erick Young

摘要:

我们提出了一个蒙特卡罗模拟,旨在预测在银河系中的棕矮星的垂直速度色散。我们表明,由于这些恒星不断冷却,速度色散随光谱类型有明显的趋势。通过对初始质量函数、恒星形成历史和冷却模型的现实假设,我们发现速度色散与M矮星的观测结果大致一致,在我们的研究中($\sim$ T9),速度色散随着较冷的光谱类型而减小,随着最冷的光谱类型而再次增加。我们预测的速度分散的L/T过渡对象的最小值,但最小的详细属性主要取决于恒星形成的历史。由于这种趋势是由于褐矮星冷却,我们预计作为光谱类型的函数的速度色散应该偏离恒定的氢燃烧极限。我们转换速度色散的垂直尺度的高度使用标准磁盘模型,并提出了类似的趋势,磁盘厚度作为光谱类型的函数。我们建议,未来的宽视场测光和/或光谱任务可能会收集相当大的样本遥远($\sim\!1$ kpc)的矮星,跨越氢燃烧的限制。因此,我们推测这样的观测可能提供了一种独特的方式来限制氢燃烧的平均光谱类型。

英文摘要:

We present a Monte Carlo simulation designed to predict the vertical velocity dispersion of brown dwarfs in the Milky Way. We show that since these stars are constantly cooling, the velocity dispersion has a noticeable trend with spectral type. With realistic assumptions for the initial-mass function, star-formation history, and the cooling models, we show that the velocity dispersion is roughly consistent with what is observed for M dwarfs, decreases to cooler spectral types, and increases again for the coolest types in our study ($\sim$T9). We predict a minimum in the velocity dispersions for L/T transition objects, however the detailed properties of the minimum predominately depend on the star-formation history. Since this trend is due to brown dwarf cooling, we expect the velocity dispersion as a function of spectral type should deviate from constancy around the hydrogen-burning limit. We convert from velocity dispersion to vertical scale height using standard disk models, and present similar trends in disk thickness as a function of spectral type. We suggest that future, wide-field photometric and/or spectroscopic missions may collect sizable samples of distant ($\sim\!1$ kpc) of dwarfs that span the hydrogen-burning limit. As such, we speculate that such observations may provide a unique way of constraining the average spectral type of hydrogen-burning.

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