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arXiv 2007.15004astro-ph.EPastro-ph.SR
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高精度棕矮星光谱大气反演的考虑

Considerations for Atmospheric Retrieval of High-Precision Brown Dwarf Spectra

Anjali A. A. Piette, Nikku Madhusudhan

摘要:

孤立的褐矮星为了解低辐射区域的大气物理提供了出色的实验室,并且可以比系外行星更精确地观察到。因此,它们提供了对系外行星高信噪比观测未来的一瞥。在这项工作中,我们调查了几个新的考虑,是重要的高质量的亚恒星物体的热发射光谱的大气反演。我们追求这一点,使用一个适应的海卫二大气检索代码。我们提出了一个参数化的压力-温度(P-T)的轮廓组成的多个大气层,参数化的温度变化,在每个层的褐矮星。这个模型可以准确地反演褐矮星大气的陡峭温度梯度,同时避免常见的数值伪影。P-T模型在光球层中特别灵活,对于T矮星,光球层可以达到几十巴。我们展示了一种方法,包括模型的不确定性的检索,重点介绍了有限的光谱和垂直分辨率的大气模型用于检索(在本例中约8\%)的不确定性。我们通过将其应用于模拟数据集来验证我们的检索框架,然后将其应用于T矮星2 MASS J2339+1352的HST/WFC 3光谱。我们检索亚太阳的H2O和CH 4在对象中的丰度在~0.1 dex精度。此外,我们限制的温度结构在光球~100 K。我们的研究结果表明,高信噪比光谱提供高精度的丰度估计的亚恒星物体的承诺。

英文摘要:

Isolated brown dwarfs provide remarkable laboratories for understanding atmospheric physics in the low-irradiation regime, and can be observed more precisely than exoplanets. As such, they provide a glimpse into the future of high-SNR observations of exoplanets. In this work, we investigate several new considerations that are important for atmospheric retrievals of high-quality thermal emission spectra of sub-stellar objects. We pursue this using an adaptation of the HyDRA atmospheric retrieval code. We propose a parametric pressure-temperature (P-T) profile for brown dwarfs consisting of multiple atmospheric layers, parameterised by the temperature change across each layer. This model allows the steep temperature gradient of brown dwarf atmospheres to be accurately retrieved while avoiding commonly-encountered numerical artefacts. The P-T model is especially flexible in the photosphere, which can reach a few tens of bar for T-dwarfs. We demonstrate an approach to include model uncertainties in the retrieval, focusing on uncertainties introduced by finite spectral and vertical resolution in the atmospheric model used for retrieval (~8\% in the present case). We validate our retrieval framework by applying it to a simulated data set and then apply it to the HST/WFC3 spectrum of the T-dwarf 2MASS J2339+1352. We retrieve sub-solar abundances of H2O and CH4 in the object at ~0.1 dex precision. Additionally, we constrain the temperature structure to within ~100 K in the photosphere. Our results demonstrate the promise of high-SNR spectra to provide high-precision abundance estimates of sub-stellar objects.

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