Context. HD13724 is a nearby solar-type star at 43.48 $\pm$ 0.06 pc hosting a long-period low-mass brown dwarf detected with the CORALIE echelle spectrograph as part of the historical CORALIE radial-velocity search for extra-solar planets. The companion has a minimum mass of $26.77^{+4.4}_{-2.2} M_{\mathrm{Jup}}$ and an expected semi-major axis of $\sim$ 240 mas making it a suitable target for further characterisation with high-contrast imaging, in particular to measure its inclination, mass, and spectrum and thus establish its substellar nature. Aims. Using high-contrast imaging with the SPHERE instrument on the Very Large Telescope (VLT), we are able to directly image a brown dwarf companion to HD13724 and obtain a low-resolution spectrum. Methods. We combine the radial-velocity measurements of CORALIE and HARPS taken over two decades and high contrast imaging from SPHERE to obtain a dynamical mass estimate. From the SPHERE data we obtain a low resolution spectrum of the companion from Y to J band, as well as photometric measurements from IRDIS in the J, H and K bands. Results. Using high-contrast imaging with the SPHERE instrument at the VLT, we report the first images of a brown dwarf companion to the host star HD13724. It has an angular separation of 175.6 $\pm$ 4.5 mas and H-band contrast of $10.61\pm0.16$ mag and, using the age estimate of the star to be $\sim$1 Gyr, gives an isochronal mass estimate of $\sim$44 $M_{\mathrm{Jup}}$. By combining radial-velocity and imaging data we also obtain a dynamical mass of $50.5^{+3.3}_{-3.5} M_{\mathrm{Jup}}$. Through fitting an atmospheric model, we estimate a surface gravity of $\log g = 5.5$ and an effective temperature of 1000K. A comparison of its spectrum with observed T dwarfs estimates a spectral type of T4 or T4.5, with a T4 object providing the best fit.
Clouds and Chemistry Across the Brown Dwarf T-Y Sequence: Insights from JWST Atmospheric Retrievals
Ludwig Maximilian University(路德维希-马克西米利安大学);University of Bern(伯尔尼大学);ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern(伯尔尼大学ARTORG生物医学工程研究中心);University College London(伦敦大学学院);University of Warwick(华威大学)
Young M dwarfs flare activity model: Towards better exoplanetary atmospheric characterisation
University of Oslo(奥斯陆大学);National Solar Observatory, University of Colorado Boulder(美国国家太阳天文台,科罗拉多大学博尔德分校);Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado(科罗拉多大学天体物理与行星科学系);Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder(科罗拉多大学博尔德分校大气与空间物理实验室);Rosseland Centre for Solar Physics, University of Oslo(奥斯陆大学罗斯兰太阳物理中心);Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo(奥斯陆大学理论天体物理研究所)
Mapping atmospheric features of the planetary-mass brown dwarf SIMP 0136 with JWST NIRISS
McGill University(麦吉尔大学);United States Air Force Academy(美国空军学院);University of Hertfordshire(赫特福德大学);Université de Montréal(蒙特利尔大学);Johns Hopkins University(约翰斯·霍普金斯大学)
PICASO 3.0: A One-Dimensional Climate Model for Giant Planets and Brown Dwarfs
即将到来的詹姆斯韦伯太空望远镜(JWST)观测将使我们能够非常详细地研究系外行星和褐矮星大气。对这些即将到来的高信噪比观测的物理解释需要系外行星和褐矮星的精确大气模型。虽然在过去的三十年中已经开发了几个一维和三维大气模型,但这些模型通常依赖于化学平衡等简化假设,并且通常不是开源的,这限制了更广泛社区的使用和开发。提出了一个基于Python的一维大气辐射对流平衡模式。该模型继承了基于Fortran的代码(Marley et al.,1996},它已被广泛用于模拟太阳系天体、褐矮星和系外行星的大气。简而言之,原始模型的基本能力是计算物体在辐射-对流平衡状态下的大气状态,给定其有效或内部温度、重力和主星性质(如果相关)。在新的模型中,这已被列入充分利用的代码库PICASO,我们已经添加了这些原始功能,以及自我一贯治疗不平衡化学的新能力。本规范广泛适用于以氢为主的大气(例如,褐矮星和巨行星)。
A Comprehensive Atmospheric Retrieval Analysis of 22 James Webb Space Telescope Spectral Energy Distributions of Cool Brown Dwarfs
University of Toledo(托莱多大学);Dordt University(道特大学);University of Arizona(亚利桑那大学);University of Hertfordshire(赫特福德大学);United States Naval Observatory(美国海军天文台);Caltech(加州理工学院)
The Unrealised Interdisciplinary Advantage of Observing High Mass Transiting Exoplanets and Brown Dwarfs -- Strategic Exoplanet Initiatives with HST and JWST White Paper
Tempawral: A Time-Resolved Retrieval Framework for Variable Brown Dwarfs and Exoplanets
University of Hertfordshire(赫特福德大学);University of Sheffield(谢菲尔德大学);Université de Montréal(蒙特利尔大学);National Astronomical Observatory of Japan(日本国立天文台);SOKENDAI(综合研究大学院大学);American Museum of Natural History(美国自然历史博物馆);The Graduate Center City University of New York(纽约市立大学研究生中心);Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin(都柏林三一学院,都柏林大学)
Atmospheric constraints on GJ 1214 b from CRIRES+ and prospects for characterisation with ANDES
Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC)(安达卢西亚天体物理研究所);Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC)(加那利天体物理研究所);Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL)(拉古纳大学天体物理学系);Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin(德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校天文系);Department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford(牛津大学天体物理学系);Department of Space Research and Space Technology, Technical University of Denmark(丹麦技术大学空间研究与空间技术系);Space Telescope Science Institute(太空望远镜科学研究所)
Discovery and characterisation of two exoplanets orbiting the metal-poor, solar-type star TOI-5788 with TESS, CHEOPS, and HARPS-N
University of Birmingham(伯明翰大学);University of Exeter(埃克塞特大学);Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden(莱顿天文台,莱顿大学);Slovak Academy of Sciences(斯洛伐克科学院);ELTE Gothard Astrophysical Observatory(厄特沃什·罗兰大学戈塔德天体物理观测站);University of Bern(伯尔尼大学);European Space Agency (ESA)(欧洲空间局)
Helios-r2 -- A new Bayesian, open-source retrieval model for brown dwarfs and exoplanet atmospheres
我们提出了一个改进的,混合的CPU-GPU大气检索代码,太阳神-R2,这是适用于中等分辨率的发射光谱的棕矮星,在准备精确的大气光谱学在詹姆斯韦伯太空望远镜的时代。该模型在Exoclimes模拟平台上以开源代码的形式提供。我们对Helios-R2进行了一系列不同难度的测试。最简单的测试包括在使用相同的辐射转移技术、相同的不透明度实现和相同的化学模型生成的正演模型上进行模拟反演。最不平凡的测试涉及模拟检索合成光谱从索诺拉模型网格,它使用不同的辐射转移技术,不同的实现不透明度,和不同的化学模型。一个校准因子,这是包括捕捉褐矮星半径的不确定性,到褐矮星的距离和光谱的通量校准,可能会补偿,有时错误的,在建模选择和实施的差异。我们分析了基准褐矮星GJ 570 D和Epsan-Indi系统中的双星褐矮星伴星的光谱。检索到的表面重力与以前的研究和/或从动力学质量推断的值是一致的(仅适用于Ependium Indi Ba和Bb)。关于如何拒绝恢复的棕矮星半径的非物理值,仍然没有明确的标准。应非常谨慎地对待推断出的半径和相应的质量。检索到的碳氧比和金属丰度取决于是否假设化学平衡。
Impacts of Water Latent Heat on the Thermal Structure of Ultra-Cool Objects: Brown Dwarfs and Free-Floating Planets
棕矮星是了解行星和亚恒星大气在广泛的热和化学条件下的基本目标。随着调查继续深入,随着观测能力的不断提高,已知Y矮星的数量-最冷的亚恒星物体,有效温度低于约600 K -正在迅速增长。至关重要的是,这类超冷物体的大气条件与太阳系世界重叠,因此,从研究地球,木星,土星和其他附近世界中开发的工具和想法非常适合应用于亚恒星大气。为此,我们开发了一个一维(垂直)大气结构模型的超冷物体,包括潮湿的绝热对流,因为这是一个重要的过程,许多太阳系行星。该模型在有效温度(350,300,250,200 K),金属丰度([M/H]为0.0,0.5,0.7,1.5)和重力(log $g$为4.0,4.5,4.7,5.0)的范围内的应用证明了水潜热释放对模拟温度-压力剖面的强烈影响。在最高的金属丰度,水蒸气的混合比例达到地球一样的3%,与相关的重大改变,在大气中的热结构,水冷凝。在近红外和中红外波段,特别是在詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜的观测下,金属丰度和潮湿对流的光谱和光度特征应该很容易被探测到,并且可以帮助指示物体的形成历史。
A Grid of Contribution Functions to Help the Interpretation of Time-resolved Observations of Brown Dwarfs
University of Central Florida(中佛罗里达大学);Space Telescope Science Institute(太空望远镜科学研究所);Johns Hopkins University(约翰斯·霍普金斯大学);University of Arizona(亚利桑那大学)
Phase-resolved Hubble Space Telescope WFC3 Spectroscopy of Weakly-Irradiated Brown Dwarf GD 1400 and Energy Redistribution-Irradiation Trends in Six WD$-$BD Binaries