We present new numerical tools to analyze symmetry-broken phases in the context of $SU(2)$-symmetric translation-invariant matrix product states (MPS) and density-matrix renormalization-group (DMRG) methods for infinite cylinders, and determine the phase diagram of the geometrically-frustrated triangular Heisenberg model with nearest and next-nearest neighbor (NN and NNN) interactions. The appearance of Nambu-Goldstone modes in the excitation spectrum is characterized by "tower of states" levels in the momentum-resolved entanglement spectrum. Symmetry-breaking phase transitions are detected by a combination of the correlation lengths and second and fourth cumulants of the magnetic order parameters (which we call the Binder ratio), even though symmetry implies that the order parameter itself is strictly zero. Using this approach, we have identified $120^{\circ}$ order, a columnar order, and an algebraic spin liquid (specific to width-6 systems), alongside the previously studied topological spin liquid phase. For the latter, we also demonstrate robustness against chiral perturbations.
The Kitaev-Heisenberg model defined on both honeycomb and triangular lattices has been studied intensively in recent years as a possible model to describe spin-orbital physics in iridium oxides. In the model, there are many phases characteristic for each lattice. However, there is no study how the phases in the two lattices merge each other when geometry changes from honeycomb lattice to triangular lattice. We investigate the ground state of the Kitaev-Heisenberg model defined on the system connecting the honeycomb and triangular lattices, named a honeycomb-triangular lattice. We obtain a grou…
Motivated by recent experimental progress on triangular lattice heavy-fermion compounds, we investigate possible Lifshitz transitions and the scanning tunnel microscope (STM) spectra of the Kondo-Heisenberg model on the triangular lattice. In the heavy Fermi liquid state, the introduced Heisenberg antiferromagnetic interaction ($J_H$) results in the twice Lifshitz transition at the case of the nearest-neighbour electron hopping but with next-nearest-neighbour hole hopping and the case of the nearest-neighbour hole hopping but with next-nearest-neighbour electron hopping, respectively. Driven b…
We study the phase diagram of the frustrated Heisenberg model on the triangular lattice with nearest and next-nearest neighbor spin exchange coupling, on 3-leg ladders. Using the density-matrix renormalization-group method, we obtain the complete phase diagram of the model, which includes quasi-long-range $120^\circ$ and columnar order, and a Majumdar-Ghosh phase with short-ranged correlations. All these phases are non-chiral and planar. We also identify the nature of phase transitions.
The spin-$\frac12$ triangular lattice antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model has been for a long time the prototypical model of magnetic frustration. However, only very recently this model has been proposed to be realized in the Ba$_8$CoNb$_6$O$_{24}$ compound. The ground-state and thermodynamic properties are evaluated from a high-temperature series expansions interpolation method, called "entropy method", and compared to experiments. We find a ground-state energy $e_0 = -0.5445(2)$ in perfect agreement with exact diagonalization results. We also calculate the specific heat and entropy at all tem…
In this study, we investigate the magnetic susceptibility, entropy, and isothermal magnetization curve of the spin-1/2 Heisenberg model on an anisotropic triangular lattice using the orthogonalized finite-temperature Lanczos method. In addition, we investigate the adiabatic magnetization curve and magnetocaloric effect. We estimate these physical quantities with sufficient accuracy in the thermodynamic limit, except at low temperatures. We observe a 1/3 magnetization plateau in the isothermal magnetization process, whereas the plateau is observed to have a slope in the adiabatic process. We sh…
We study the effects of bond randomness in the spin-$1/2$ $J_1-J_2$ triangular Heisenberg model using exact diagonalization and density matrix renormalization group. With increasing bond randomness, we identify a randomness induced spin-liquid-like phase without any magnetic order, dimer order, spin glass order, or valence-bond glass order. The finite-size scaling of gaps suggests the gapless nature of both spin triplet and singlet excitations, which is further supported by the broad continuum of dynamical spin structure factor. By studying the bipartite entanglement spectrum of the system on …
Universal Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless dynamic scaling in the intermediate timerange in frustrated Heisenberg antiferromagnets on triangular lattice
We study the spin liquid candidate of the spin-$1/2$ $J_1$-$J_2$ Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the triangular lattice by means of density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) simulations. By applying an external Aharonov-Bohm flux insertion in an infinitely long cylinder, we find unambiguous evidence for gapless $U(1)$ Dirac spin liquid behavior. The flux insertion overcomes the finite size restriction for energy gaps and clearly shows gapless behavior at the expected wave-vectors. Using the DMRG transfer matrix, the low-lying excitation spectrum can be extracted, which shows characteristic Dir…
We show that the mesoscopic incommensurate $\mathbb{Z}_2$ vortex crystals proposed for layered triangular anisotropic magnets can be most saliently identified by two distinctive signatures in dynamical spin response experiments: The presence of pseudo-Goldstone `phonon' modes at low frequencies $ω$, associated with the collective vibrations of the vortex cores, and a characteristic multi-scattered intensity profile at higher $ω$, arising from a large number of Bragg reflections and magnon bandgaps. These are direct fingerprints of the large vortex sizes and magnetic unit cells and the solitoni…
When Heisenberg spins interact antiferromagnetically on a triangular lattice and nearest-neighbor interactions dominate, the ground state is 120$^{\circ}$ antiferromagnetism. In this work, we probe the response of this state to lifting the triangular symmetry, through investigation of the triangular antiferromagnet PdCrO$_2$ under uniaxial stress by neutron diffraction and resistivity measurements. The periodicity of the magnetic order is found to change rapidly with applied stress; the rate of change indicates that the magnetic anisotropy is roughly forty times the stress-induced bond length …
Derivation of a reduced effective model allows for a unified treatment and discussion of the $J_1$-$J_2$ Heisenberg model on a triangular and kagome lattice. Calculating thermodynamic quantities, i.e. the entropy $s(T)$ and uniform susceptibility $χ_0(T)$, numerically on systems up to effectively $N=48$ sites we show by comparing to full-model results that low-$T$ properties are well represented within the reduced model. Moreover, we find in the spin-liquid regime similar variation of $s(T)$ as well as $χ_0(T)$ in both models down to $T \ll J_1$. In particular, the spin liquid appears to be ch…
We present numerical results for the $J_1$-$J_2$ Heisenberg model on a triangular lattice at finite temperatures $T>0$. In contrast to unfrustrated lattices we reach much lower $T \sim 0.15 J_1$. In static quantities the novel feature is a quite sharp low-$T$ maximum in the specific heat. Dynamical spin structure factor $S({\bf q},ω)$ allows for the extraction of the effective spin-wave energies $ω_{\bf q}(T)$ and their damping $γ_{\bf q}(T)$. While for $J_2=0$ our results are consistent with $T=0$ spin ordering, $J_2/J_1 \sim 0.1 $ induces additional frustration with a signature of spin liqui…
We numerically study the Heisenberg models on triangular lattices by extending it from the simplest equilateral lattice with only the nearest-neighbor exchange interaction. We show that, by including an additional weak next-nearest-neighbor interaction, a quantum spin-liquid phase is stabilized against the antiferromagnetic order. The spin gap (triplet excitation gap) and spin correlation at long distances decay algebraically with increasing system size at the critical point between the antiferromagnetic phase and the spin-liquid phase. This algebraic behavior continues in the spin-liquid phas…
Dynamics and thermodynamics of the S = 5/2 almost Heisenberg triangular lattice antiferromagnet K2Mn(SeO3)2
ETH Zürich（苏黎世联邦理工学院）；Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf（德累斯顿-罗森多夫亥姆霍兹中心）；PSI Center for Neutron and Muon Sciences（瑞士保罗谢勒研究所中子与μ子科学中心）；University of California, Irvine（加州大学尔湾分校）
Making use of infinite projected entangled pair states, we investigate the ground state phase diagram of the nearest-neighbor spin-1 bilinear-biquadratic Heisenberg model on the triangular lattice. In agreement with previous studies, we find the ferromagnetic, 120 degree magnetically ordered, ferroquadrupolar and antiferroquadrupolar phases, and confirm that all corresponding phase transitions are first order. Moreover, we provide an accurate estimate of the location of the ferroquadrupolar to 120 degree magnetically ordered phase transition, thereby fully establishing the phase diagram. Also,…
We investigate the interplay between spatial anisotropy and further exchange interactions in the spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ Heisenberg antiferromagnetic model on a triangular lattice. We use the Schwinger boson theory by including Gaussian fluctuations above the mean-field approach. The phase diagram exhibits a strong reduction of the long range collinear and incommensurate spirals regions with respect to the mean-field ones. This reduction is accompanied by the emergence of its short range order counterparts, leaving an ample room for $0$-flux and nematic spin liquid regions. Remarkably, within the n…
The $S=1/2$ kagome- and triangular-lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnets are investigated using the numerical exact diagonalization and the finite-size scaling analysis. The behaviour of the field derivative at zero magnetization is examined for both systems. The present result indicates that the spin excitation is gapless for each system.
Ground-state properties of the spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model on the triangular lattice: A variational study based on entangled-plaquette states
Using density-matrix renormalization-group calculations for infinite cylinders, we elucidate the properties of the spin-liquid phase of the spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ $J_1$-$J_2$ Heisenberg model on the triangular lattice. We find four distinct ground-states characteristic of a non-chiral, $Z_2$ topologically ordered state with vison and spinon excitations. We shed light on the interplay of topological ordering and global symmetries in the model by detecting fractionalization of time-reversal and space-group dihedral symmetries in the anyonic sectors, which leads to coexistence of symmetry protected a…
