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arXiv 1703.04446cs.CVcs.CE
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保持质量和强度的双纯图像配准的Lagrangian Gauss-Newton-Krylov算法

A Lagrangian Gauss-Newton-Krylov Solver for Mass- and Intensity-Preserving Diffeomorphic Image Registration

Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, University of Texas at Austin(德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校计算工程与科学研究所);Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Emory University(埃默里大学数学与计算机科学系)

Andreas Mang, Lars Ruthotto

摘要:

我们提出了一个有效的求解器的大变形几何纯度量映射(LDDMM)的框架内的几何纯图像配准问题。我们使用最优控制公式,其中需要找到双曲型偏微分方程的速度场,使得系统的最终状态(变换/传输的模板图像)和观察结果(参考图像)之间的距离最小化。我们的求解器支持静态和非静态(即,瞬态或时间相关的)速度场。作为变换模型,我们考虑了输运方程(假设在变形过程中强度保持不变)和连续性方程(假设质量保持不变)。我们考虑的最优控制问题的简化形式,并解决了由此产生的无约束优化问题,使用离散化,然后优化的方法。一个关键的贡献是消除偏微分方程的约束,使用拉格朗日双曲偏微分方程求解器。拉格朗日方法依赖于特征曲线的概念,我们在这里使用四阶龙格库塔方法近似。我们还提出了一个有效的算法计算的导数的最终状态的系统的速度场。这允许我们使用基于高斯-牛顿的快速方法。我们提出了快速收敛的迭代线性求解器,使用频谱预处理器,使整体优化的效率和可扩展性。我们的方法被嵌入到图像配准框架FAIR,因此,支持最常用的相似性度量和正则化泛函。我们展示了我们的新方法的潜力,使用几个合成和现实世界的测试问题高达1470万自由度。

英文摘要:

We present an efficient solver for diffeomorphic image registration problems in the framework of Large Deformations Diffeomorphic Metric Mappings (LDDMM). We use an optimal control formulation, in which the velocity field of a hyperbolic PDE needs to be found such that the distance between the final state of the system (the transformed/transported template image) and the observation (the reference image) is minimized. Our solver supports both stationary and non-stationary (i.e., transient or time-dependent) velocity fields. As transformation models, we consider both the transport equation (assuming intensities are preserved during the deformation) and the continuity equation (assuming mass-preservation). We consider the reduced form of the optimal control problem and solve the resulting unconstrained optimization problem using a discretize-then-optimize approach. A key contribution is the elimination of the PDE constraint using a Lagrangian hyperbolic PDE solver. Lagrangian methods rely on the concept of characteristic curves that we approximate here using a fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. We also present an efficient algorithm for computing the derivatives of final state of the system with respect to the velocity field. This allows us to use fast Gauss-Newton based methods. We present quickly converging iterative linear solvers using spectral preconditioners that render the overall optimization efficient and scalable. Our method is embedded into the image registration framework FAIR and, thus, supports the most commonly used similarity measures and regularization functionals. We demonstrate the potential of our new approach using several synthetic and real world test problems with up to 14.7 million degrees of freedom.

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