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arXiv 1702.04511astro-ph.CO
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二维星系大尺度结构的拓扑-系统效应

Topology of Large-Scale Structures of Galaxies in Two Dimensions - Systematic Effects

Stephen Appleby, Changbom Park, Sungwook E. Hong, Juhan Kim

摘要:

我们研究的银河系分布的二维拓扑结构时,投影到二维球壳。使用最新的Horizon Run 4模拟数据,我们构建了二维场的属,并考虑了这种统计如何受到后期非线性效应的影响-主要是引力坍缩和红移空间失真(RSD)。我们还考虑了系统和数值的文物,如散粒噪声,星系的偏见,和有限像素的影响。我们使用厄米多项式展开的系统学模型,并进行了全面的分析,已知的影响的二维属,以期使用宇宙学参数估计的统计。我们发现,有限像素效应是由幅度下降,并可以小于$1\%$,通过采用像素小于角平滑长度的$1/3$。非线性引力演化引入了与时间相关的第零、第一和第二Hermite多项式系数,但对于平滑尺度$R_{\rm G} > 9 {\rm Mpc/h}$,在$z=1$和$z=0$之间,亏格振幅的变化小于$1\%$.在研究RSD时,在Hermite多项式展开中测量非零项直到三阶。当我们采用厚的红移壳层时,实空间和红移空间中的亏格曲线形状的差异很小,但振幅的变化仍然是一个显著的$\sim {\cal O}(10\%)$效应。星系偏置和散粒噪声的组合效应产生系统的影响,第二厄米多项式。结果表明,当采样时,使用星系质量削减显着降低了散粒噪声相对于随机采样的影响。

英文摘要:

We study the two-dimensional topology of the galactic distribution when projected onto two-dimensional spherical shells. Using the latest Horizon Run 4 simulation data, we construct the genus of the two-dimensional field and consider how this statistic is affected by late-time nonlinear effects -- principally gravitational collapse and redshift space distortion (RSD). We also consider systematic and numerical artifacts such as shot noise, galaxy bias, and finite pixel effects. We model the systematics using a Hermite polynomial expansion and perform a comprehensive analysis of known effects on the two-dimensional genus, with a view toward using the statistic for cosmological parameter estimation. We find that the finite pixel effect is dominated by an amplitude drop and can be made less than $1\%$ by adopting pixels smaller than $1/3$ of the angular smoothing length. Nonlinear gravitational evolution introduces time-dependent coefficients of the zeroth, first, and second Hermite polynomials, but the genus amplitude changes by less than $1\%$ between $z=1$ and $z=0$ for smoothing scales $R_{\rm G} > 9 {\rm Mpc/h}$. Non-zero terms are measured up to third order in the Hermite polynomial expansion when studying RSD. Differences in shapes of the genus curves in real and redshift space are small when we adopt thick redshift shells, but the amplitude change remains a significant $\sim {\cal O}(10\%)$ effect. The combined effects of galaxy biasing and shot noise produce systematic effects up to the second Hermite polynomial. It is shown that, when sampling, the use of galaxy mass cuts significantly reduces the effect of shot noise relative to random sampling.

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