北半球HECR事件与SDSS事件相关性的系统考察
Systematic Survey of the Correlation between Northern HECR Events and SDSS Galaxies
摘要：
研究了Akeno巨型空气簇射阵列（AGASA）探测到的能量在$4 \times 10^{19}$ eV以上的最高能量宇宙射线（HECR）的到达方向与斯隆数字巡天（SDSS）观测到的$z = 0.024$内星系位置之间的空间相关性。我们系统地测试了相关性对红移范围和星系性质的依赖性，即，绝对光度、颜色和形态，以了解HECR源在哪里以及什么物体是HECR源。在系统观测中，我们发现了小角标度正相关（$<10^{\circ}$）的潜在信号，在中等红移范围内（非惩罚）机会概率小于5%。然后，我们估计了补偿角扫描试验效应的惩罚概率，发现在90%C. L.时，$0.012 \leq z < 0.018$中早型星系产生的相关性最强。本文还讨论了关联星系所暗示的HECRs的可能起源。
英文摘要：
We investigated the spatial correlation between the arrival directions of the highest energy cosmic rays (HECRs) detected by the Akeno Giant Air Shower Array (AGASA) with energies above $4 \times 10^{19}$ eV and the positions of galaxies observed by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) within $z = 0.024$. We systematically tested the dependence of the correlation on the redshift ranges and properties of the galaxies, i.e., absolute luminosity, color, and morphology, to understand where HECR sources are and what objects are HECR sources. In the systematic survey, we found potential signals of the positive correlation at small angular scale ($<10^{\circ}$) with the (non-penalized) chance probability less than 5% in intermediate redshift ranges. Then, we estimated penalized probabilities to compensate the trial effects of angular scan, and found that the strongest correlation is produced by early-type galaxies in $0.012 \leq z < 0.018$ at 90% C.L. The possible origin of HECRs which correlating galaxies imply is also discussed.
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